搜索
您的当前位置:首页好莱坞的性别歧视

好莱坞的性别歧视

来源:智榕旅游
omen are not tapped for power jobs in Hollywood. mmbers trail far behind the percentage of females -utive positions in other heavily male.dorainated 3rs,including the militarytech,finance,government,. 釜自 、政府、{ and engineering.In 201 31.9 percent of the directors ,20i3年,好莱坞 中仅有1.9%是 ywood’S 100 top—grossing films were femaleIn 201 1. .held 7.1 percent of US.military general and。 admiral .据了7.1%的美匡 位,20%的美国 TwitterfftlFacebo( 20 percent of U.S。Senate seats and more than 20 of leadership roles at Twitter and FacebOOk——and both les now face gender-discrimination lawsuits. 家公司都面临着Jl 在美国顶级 top U.S.film schools,women and men are almost represented.Females account for 46 percent of USC’s of Cinematic Arts graduate studentsAt New York .例基本持平。南: 生中女性占了46, 学院 5l%的毕 然而,从这 ity’S Tisch School of the Arts,5 1 percent of graduate are Women. :between the day these women graduate and the da V-a rs later,that their male college peers begin showing up 后的几年间,她{ 影行业中崭露头J f ^mIl二 : 鲁当吉口 redits,most women ilmmakers vanish into obscurifty. 2 admiral【’ae 3)obscurity[ 4/commissio ̄ 5)snub[snAb 6)deflect fdI’f study commissioned by the Sundance Institute omen in Film Los Angeles,found that women and /ho graduate from Sundance’S prestigious labs in inish their films at the same rate and get their fihns ed to the world’S top independent festivals at the ‘ate. hen something unsettling happens.After competing ldance and other big festivals,the men who win s are often tapped to direct for the Big Six:Disney, :rsa1.Warner Bros.,Paramount,Sony and 20th ry Fox.But Big Six studio executives seem to ignore ,ard.winning female filmmakers,rarely inviting them :ct a picture. 世纪福克斯公 似乎忽略了获 演任何影片。 几十年舞 公司对冷落有 调重弹。早自 嫁舆论锋芒, ;xplanations for why studio executives and top agents ) snub talented women have been playing on repeat :cades.Since at least the 1 970s,studio execs have  ̄cted discussion of themselves and pointed to the n.They contend that the pool of female talent iS too Silence is the true friend that never betrays. 0 9 e 阻 d r a l S 扑 9 a 97,● b h t t U e d . ilms to talkies forced executives to deal with Wal1 ;treet for loans.Hollywood began answering to diall Street,sidelinin ̄women because the financiers )ack oDUSt Temaj( alent Denlnn appeared.Tc e up of men. el1.written bx vatch films、^ lcting out men raen all3(1 iilme(1 oy men,w1tll women Orten thrown n as sidekicks or ar/Tl candy. In the late l 960s and l 970s.women started 'ighting back.The Women’S Committee of the ;creen Actors Guild was formed in l 972.In 1 973. tctivists founded the Committee of Women Writers tt the Writers Guild of America. In I 979.six female directors established the Nomen’S Steering Committee at the Directors Guild 'f America.Producer—director Victoria Hochberg e six.“ ,e had all reached a certa: ess.”says Hochber ̄.“I had bee 播电视文化成就尝 悠久、最具权威 ifnated for an Emmy one ofUS had won an Oscar and ther had won a…’Peabody…but at a certain point. 程度上,得到的结 吗?’‘没有。’‘你 1st came out.‘Are you working'?’‘NO.’‘Are you king? NO.”’ 霍赫贝格和她 明,在过去的30年 演的。“这无疑,”她 Hochberg and her group dug up the data showing iust 1 4 films had been directed by women in the /ious 30 years.‘‘Now that,”she says,“is a startling istic.”They confronted studio executives but were 3red.So in the early l 980s.they sued.That got 她们与电影公司的。 忽略 因此,在20 讼。这引起了高管 Cutives’attention:Between l985 and l995.the 1ber of films directed by women skyrocketed to 1 6 :ent from nearly zero. J,l6 去 The Dailv Beast revealed 1ast December that Jennifer /rence and Amy Adams.the female stars of American :tie.were paid far leSS than even a secondary male Ir jn the film.Jeremy RenneE 断和 酬]匹. 瑞米 I的片 重标 Another example of the double standard:Women 1 a box 0fice failure offfen don’t get hired again but 写 Kindness trumps(胜过】g reed:it asks fo r sha ring.Kindness十『umps fec gratefulness and love.Kindness t『umDs even stupidity,for with sharing and love,0 men who fail do.‘‘If a movie starring or written by or directed by a man…flops,people don’t blame the 或导演却并非如此 “如果一部由男性主演、创作或者导 演的电影失败了,人们不会以性别为由责备他们。”迪亚  “通常立即受到责备的都是女导演,这 gender of the creator,”Diablo Cody says.‘‘It’S just 布罗・科蒂说道。kind of weird how the blame iS always immediately placed on female directors.’’ 有点儿奇怪。” 据哈佛大学心理学助理教授米娜・斯卡拉的研究表 明,改变是自上而下的。 “如果座上最有权力的那个人选 According to Mina Cikara,an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard University, 择忽视唯一的女性成员,”她说道, “那么,其他人也会 好莱坞的高层管理人员正是这样做的。几十年来, 为何世界上最进步和国际化的一个团体的高管们会 做出这样的决定? 苏珊娜・奎德弗利,一位伦敦布里斯托尔大学的神 research shows that change starts at the top.“If 接收到这个信息并纷纷效仿。” the most powerful person at the table neglects to even look in the direction of the sole female fleet 他们对电影产业中的性别失衡一直充耳不闻。 member,”she says,“then yes,other people are going to pick up on that info and follow suit.’’ Hollywood’S top-level executives do just that.They have maintained radio silence on the industry’S gender imbalance issue for decades. Why do executives in one of the world’S most 经系统学家兼性别歧视研究专家,是这样解释的:以核磁 共振成像为基础的研究显示,刻板印象会在约170毫秒内 被激活。无论我们认为自己多么开明,这些偏见会在我们 意识到之前就侵入我们的思想。 奎德弗利提到一个被称为“隐式刻板印象”的过 progressive and cosmopolitan communities make decisions like these? Susanne Quadflieg,a neuroscientist and 程,这个过程使得瞬间偏见能够入侵我们的思想,无论我 an expert in gender bias at Bristol University in 们的政治或者是个人信仰如何。当一位女性挑战了这些偏 London,explained that MRI.based brain studies show stereotypes are activated in about 1 70 milliseconds.NO matter how open—minded we fancy ourselves,these biases kick in without our realizing it. 见预期时,“你自然很擅长分析理由:‘噢,她父亲也是教 授。’但是如果是个男性,他们会认≯ 是的,这个男人 就是擅长数学。真了不起。… 这项研究同时也指出了一个极其简单的解决 这个自从2O世纪4O年代起就困扰着好莱坞的难题萃 Quadflieg says a process known as‘‘implicit 案:电影公司高管和项尖经纪公司应该雇佣更多的j stereotyping”allows these split—second biases to “如果你接触更多意料之外的女性角色,随宅 kick in despite political or personal beliefs.When a woman defies these biased expectations “You’re very good at coming up with reasons for why that 推移,你会调整你的预期。”奎德弗利说道。“克雕 印象预期最简单的方法就是反复地打破这种预期。” might be:‘Oh.her dad was a professor,too.’But with a man,they just think,‘OK,yeah,there’S a man who’S good in math.Big dea1.”’ The research also points to an elegantly straightforward solution to this problem that has loomed over Hollywood since the 1 940s:Studio executives and top agents should just hire more WOmen. “If you had a lot of exposu re to these unexpected roles for women,you would,over time, adjust your expectation,”Quadflieg says.“The easiest way to overcome stereotypical expectations is to get them repeatedly violated.” 一 1)flop【flDp]v.怦然落下t失败 2)follow suit跟着做,效仿 3)defy【dl’faI】v.公然反抗,藐视,挑衅 

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容

Top