2020年人教版初中英语基础语法 (八升九) 暑假专题突破与巩固 学案(七)：动词的类型篇

基础语法专题：动词的类型篇

第一部分：定义 概念清晰化

动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)。动词的学习主要是动词的分类及各类动词的基本区别，动词的基本变化形式，常见的动词的词义辨析及动词短语固定搭配。其中，动词和短语动词的辨析以及动词的变化形式是掌握的重点和难点。

第二部分：知识归类 知识网络化 ❶动词的分类

分类图解 类别 行为动词 及物动词vt. 功能及用法 本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能作谓语。 不及物动词vi. 不可以直接接宾语 可以直接接宾语 例子 afford,buy, enjoy,keep arrive,cry, die,fall 连系动词 本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。 be,smell, look,taste 助动词 本身没有词义，不能作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。 情态动词 本身有一定的词义，但不能作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。 do,does, will,shall may, must, can, need 特例清单 1.不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如： The baby is smiling at us.小孩正对着我们笑呢。 He died of hunger.他死于饥饿。

Please listen to the teacher carefully.请仔细听老师讲课。

2.双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面去， 由介词to或for引导，变成介词短语。

◆能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,play,read,send,show,take,teach,tell,write等。如： Could you lend your dictionary to me?请你把你的字典借我用用好吗？ She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。

◆能接以for引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,build,buy,cook,meet,find,get,keep,make,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write等。如： Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。 I’ll fetch a chair for you.我去给你拿一个凳子。

【题组训练】

( )1.—Who _______ the tennis game yesterday? —Jack，he _______ all the others.

A.beat;won B.won;won C.beat;beat D.won;beat

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( )2.Choosing the right circle of friends will _______ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret. A.save B.share C.keep D.bring ( )3.—Smart phones are more and more popular now. —So they are.But they still _______ too much.

A.pay B .cost C.take D.spend

( )4.During the World Cup，a large number of soccer fans fly to Brazil. It has _____ a great place for fans to have fun. A.made B.kept C.become D.attracted ( )5.—Tom is an honest boy，_______ he? —Yes.We trust him all the time.

A.isn’t B.is C.does D.doesn’t

❷常见连系动词的用法

分类图解 常用连系动词 词义 例句 be become turn get smell sound taste stay grow keep feel look 注意 是 成为，变得 变得 变得 闻起来 听起来 尝起来 保持 成长，变得 保持 感到，摸起来 看起来 I’m a girl with short hair. Mike becomes interested in Chinese. Mr. White’s face turned red. The weather is getting bad. The flowers smell nice. The plan sounds good. The soup tastes delicious. The shop stays open till 8 pm. Her hair is growing white. The girl keeps silent all the time. The coat feels very soft My mother looks very young. 1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。 2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等。 【题组训练】

( )6.—Shall we go for a walk? — ______ great.

A.Feels B.Sounds C.Turns D.Looks

( )7.—Do you like swimming in winter?

—Of course.The water _______ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy. A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.looks

( )8.Mom is making dinner. It_______ so nice! A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds

( )9.—Your trainers _______ colourful. —Yes.And they are popular among young people. A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look ( )10.—I can’t stand the smell of the stinking tofu. —Would you like to have a try? It _______ quite delicious! A.looks B.sounds C.tastes D.feels

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❸情态动词的用法

分类图解 情态动词 may 意义及用法 表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。 表推测，意思是“可能”。 表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can’t,couldn’t。 例句 —May I go out and play football? —No,you mustn’t. Mr.Li may be at home. can (could) Mike can speak a little Chinese. I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old. Could you tell me something about your school? 用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could比can的语气更委婉、客气。 表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able to可以用于各种时态。 must He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan. He can spell these words. He has been able to draw pictures already. 表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn’t，You must be careful next time. 意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。 表示推测，意为“必定”。 表示说话人的主观看法。 must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，have to；否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to。 You mustn’t take photos here. He must be in the room. I must go home now. —Must I finish the homework today? —No,you needn’t/you don’t have to. He needn’t worry about it. I’m very tired and I need to have a rest. need 表示“需要”，多用于否定句。 作实义动词，后接动词不定式。

【题组训练】

( )11.—Are you interested in shopping online? ——Not so much. We_____see real products but pictures. A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t ( )12.—Bob，Where is Linda?

—She ________ be in the library.But I am not sure. A.must B.may C.need D.has to ( )13.—Look，someone left a book.

—Oh，yeah…This book_____ be Kitty’s. Only she likes to read this kind of books. A.can B.must C.may D.might

( )14.—Lisa，hurry up! The bus is coming.

—Oh，no. We ____ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green. A.mustn’t B.need C.should D.couldn’t

( )15.Last year I ______ drive.I used to take the bus. A.could B.couldn’t C.should D.shouldn’t

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❹短语动词

分类图解 类别 动 词 + 副 词 实例 add up break out carry on clean up clear up come back come down come in cut down cut off cut up fall behind find out get along get together get up give away give back give in give out give up go ahead go away go on grow up hand in hand out hold on keep on look ahead look up pay back pick up point out put off put on put up set off stay up take off turn down turn in turn off 意义 加起来 爆发 坚持下去；继续下去 清除；收拾干净 整理，收拾；(天气)放晴 回来；想起来 落下来 进入，进来 砍倒 切断 切碎 落在……后面；输给别人 发现；查明 取得进展 聚会，联欢 起床 分发；赠送 归还,送回 屈服 分发；用完，耗尽 放弃 继续 走开，离去 继续 长大成人，成长 上交；交纳 分发 坚持；(打电话)别挂断 继续(进行) 向前看 查找 偿还(借款等) 拾起，捡起；开车接；学会 指出，标明 推迟 穿；戴上；上演 举起；张贴 出发；动身 熬夜 脱下；起飞 声音调小 上交 关闭 4

wake up watch out work out 词 + 介 词 agree with arrive at/in ask for base on belong to break into call for care for come from deal with depend on/upon get over get to go by go over knock at laugh at learn from look after look at look for look like pass by point to quarrel with stand for stick to talk about think about think of wait for 动 词 + 副 词 + 介 词 add up to catch up with come up with get along with go on with keep away from keep up with look down on/upon look forward to look out of make up of make fun of run out of 唤醒，醒来 当心 解决；锻炼 赞同，同意(某人的看法) 到达 请求；询问 以……为依据 属于 破门而入 需要；呼吁 在乎，关心 来自…… 处理；对付 依靠；相信；依赖 克服 到达…… 走过，经过 仔细检查；复习 敲 嘲笑…… 向……学习 照顾 看……，观看…… 寻找 看起来像 经过 指向…… (和某人)争吵 代表(某事物)；支持 坚持 谈论，议论 考虑 想起，想出；认为 等待 加起来总计 赶上 想出 相处 继续进行 远离 跟上；和……保持联系 看不起 盼望 朝……外看 由……组成，构成 开玩笑；取笑；嘲笑 耗尽 5

注意:

对于动词+副词类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：

He turned off all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。 He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。

【题组训练】

( )16.—When will your new book _______? —It has not been decided yet. A.find out B.come out C.look up D.set up

( )17.—Mum.I did best in our group discussion today. —Well done! I _________ you.

A.am mad at B.am patient with C.am proud of D. look forward to

( )18.This bus doesn’t go to the train station.I’m afraid you’ll have to ______ at the library and take the A52. A.take off B.put off C.get off D.turn off

( )19.—The song Where did the time go _____ the old days and the love of family. —Sure.It’s my favorite song.

A.helps us out B.reminds us of C.lets us down D.regards us as

( )20.As time _______，you’ll come to think of English as your friend and love it. A.goes by B.runs out C.takes off D.turns up

第三部分：综合集训 效果数据化

( )1.—Can I borrow your English book,please? —Sure.But you must ______ it to me soon.

A.keep B.buy C.return D.hold ( )2.—Have you ever listened to the song Baby? —Yes,it _____ wonderful.All of us like it very much.

A.smells B.sounds C.looks D.tastes ( )3.—How about the silk skirt? —It ______ soft!I’ll take it.

A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels ( )4.After the serious illness,he finally _____ how important health is. A.realized B.meant C.added D.impressed

( )5.The old man’s eyesight isn’t very good.He often ______ Tim for Jim. A.regards B.treats C.mistakes D.thinks ( )6.—Why is Lily so popular among the students? —Because she often_____us with help and care.

A.gives B.offers C.provides D.supports ( )7.—Do you think Houston Rockets will beat Lakers? —Yes.They have better players,so I ______ them to win.

A.hope B.think C.depend D.expect ( )8.—How long do you think the terrible weather will______? —Why not listen to the weather report?

A.appear B.last C.change D.discover

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( )9.Listen! The whole class is quiet now. It _____ that everyone falls asleep. A.seems B.looks C.sounds D.gets

( )10.The children are making too much noise.I can’t ____ it. A.stand B.hear C.consider D.know

( )11.Wow,the dish _____ delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it? A.keeps B.tastes C.sounds D.feels ( )12.—Why does Zhang Lei look unhappy?

—Because her best friend didn’t _____ her to go on a picnic. A.make B.let C.invite D.refuse

( )13.David _______ his friend’s invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest. A.expected B.refused C.received D.told ( )14.—Who’s that boy in the red coat?

—He is my new friend.Let me ______him to you.

A.introduce B.tell C.promise D.say ( )15.—What about the picture over there? —It ________ nice.

A.tastes B.gets C.looks D.sounds ( )16.—May I go to the cinema,Mum?

—Certainly.But you _____ be back by 11 o’clock. A.can B.may C.must D.need ( )17.— ____I speak to May,please?

—I’m sorry she ____ come to the phone because she is busy now. A.Might;won’t B.Can;mustn’t C.May;can’t D.Could;shouldn’t

( )18.—I want to know if I ______ smoke here.

—No,you_______ .Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?

A.can;needn’t B.must;can’t C.shall;won’t D.can;mustn’t

( )19.My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always _______ look it up. A.must B.should C.would D.has to ( )20.—_____ you pass me the dictionary,please? —Sure.Here you are.

A.Could B.Need C.Must D.Might ( )21.—Must I go there with you? —No,you____ .David ______ go with me. A.mustn’t;can B.can’t;must C.don’t;should D.needn’t;may

( )22.You ______ be careful when crossing the road—the traffic lights aren’t working. A.might B.should C.could D.may ( )23.—Could I borrow your ruler? —Yes,of course you _______.

A.will B.should C.can D.need

( )24.—I’ve taken someone else’ s green sweater by mistake. —It _______ Henry’s.He always wears green.

A.has to be B.will be C.mustn’t be D.could be

( )25.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but luckily everyone _______ get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could ( )26.—Is Paul coming by train?

—He should,but he _______.He likes driving his car.

A.can’t B.needn’t C.may not D.mustn’t

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( )27.—Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

—No,it _______ be him.I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A.can’t B.must not C.won’ t D.may not

( )28.Susan,you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not

( )29.—Listen!Someone is singing in the next room. Who____ it be? Is it Zhu Lei? —No.It ______ be her.She is at school now.

A.will;may not B.must;mustn’t C.may;can’t D.may;won’t

( )30.Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _______ be very expensive. A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t ( )31.—Do you know if he is still living?

—I’m not sure.I think he _______die in a battle in 1943.

A.have to B.should C.must D.might ( )32.—You can sit and read the books here if you _____. —Thank you very much.

A.can B.will C.may D.must ( )33.—Must I wash all the clothes this afternoon? —No,you_______.

A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.may not ( )34.—_______ the work be finished by the end of this week? —Yes,it must.

A.Will B.Shall C.Need D.Can ( )35.—_______ I go there at once?

—No,I don’t think you ____ now.It’s still early.

A.Can;have to B.Do;need to C.Need;must D.May;would ( )36.—Tom,it’s cold outside. _______your coat when you go out. —OK,Mum.

A.Take off B.Take away C.Put away D.Put on ( )37.I work very hard because I don’t want to______ .

A.let my parents down B.let down my parents C.let my parents to be disappointed D.let my parents go ( )38.—When will Han Han’s new book ________?

—Sorry,I don’t know.Im looking forward to his new book,too.

A.come on B.come out C.come in D.come over ( )39.—Great changes have taken place in this city.

—Right.Many modern buildings have been _______ these days.

A.turned up B.put up C.shown up D.fixed up

( )40.Dont worry!Im sure you’ll _______ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. A.catch up with B.agree with

C.get along well with D.make friends with

参：动词的类型篇 题组训练

1—5DABCA 6—10BAADC 11—15BBBAB 16—20BCCBA 整合集训

1—5CBDAC 6—10CDBAA 11—15BCBAC 16—20CCDDA 21—25DBCDC 26—30CABCA 31—35DBACC 36—40DABBC

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