1.Their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing (Para 1) . Simile
2.If you can't lick'em, join'em (Para 3). aphorism 格言 If you can beat evil then become evil yourself.
3.The faces of small children are amiable sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a couplt of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled. Para 4. Transferred epithet.
4.The crowds along the racecourse are like a field of grass and flowers in the wind. Para 6. Simile
5. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old mossgrown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence
6. The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor
7. In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered
1
together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence
8. Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallelism/parallel structure
9. Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallelism/parallel structure
Lesson10
1. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciating of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a
country
road;questions
about
the
naughty,jazzy
parties,the
flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.para 1—transferred epithet ; parallelism
2. Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by
some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in
2
either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans. Para 2—metaphor
3. War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.para 3—metaphor
4. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society. para 3—metaphor; metonomy(shooting refers to the war)
5. The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy
6. Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war
3
and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”. Para 5—metaphor
7. After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation. Para 7—metonymy
8. Soon they found their imitators among the non-intellectuals. As it became more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law and the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of \"flaming youth\Greenwich Village that fanned the flames. Para 8---metaphor;metonymy
9. The strife of 1861 --1865 had popularly become, in motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera, while the one hundred-days' fracas with Spain in 1898 had dissolved into a one-sided victory at Manila and a cinematic charge up San Juan Hill. Para 5. Transferred epithet
10. Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth- century warfare. Para 6. Metaphor\\irony
4
9. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. Para 8—metaphor
10. These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—Para 6 personification,metonymy ,metaphor
Lesson11
1. No doubt there are in England some snarling shop stewards who demand ....(Para 2, alliteration.
2. 1. This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor
3. But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor
5
4. Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.Para 2—metaphor
5. (Para. 5) But it is worth noting along the way that while America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves, too many exhausted salesmen taking refuge in bars....(euphemism)
6. (Para 5)Now Englishness, with its relation to the unconscious, its dependence upon instinct and intuition, cann't break its links with the past: it has deep long roots.(metaphor)
7. A further necessay demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor
8. It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass,which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness,ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification
9. Against this,at least superficially,Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more
6
important. Para. 4—metaphor
10. (Paragraph 6)It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor
11. But something like it is being said, thought or felt, in the very places where there is the most money, the most boredom, the most trouble and 'industrial action,' and indeed the most Admass.(Para 8.) Euphemism
12. As it it they are like a hippopotamus blundering in and out of a pets' tea party. (Para 8.) simile
13. They have fallen between two stools.(Para 11) metaphor
14 But it need reinforcement,extra nourishment, especially now when our public life seems ready to starve. (Para 14) metaphor
15. Politicians are making such appeals, whereas statesmen, when they can be found, prefer to take themselves and their hearers out of the stock exchanges' meetings counting-houses.(Para 15). metaphor
16. Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor
17. Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly
7
campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other et pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor
18. Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor
19.Para 15 And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymy
20.. Para 14 ...who seem to regard politics as a game...let us say...(simile)
Lesson12
1. I proved, to my astonishment, to be as American as any Texaas G. I. (Para. 3) Allusion典故
2. Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere. He may leave...the marks of which he carries with him everywhere.(Para. 22) Allusion
3. When it did,I like many a writer befor me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown and was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.Para 6—metaphor
4. re,in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as
8
a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.Para 6—metaphor
3. Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor
4. It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor
5. Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile
6. In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.(Para. 29)—metaphor
7. Though we do not wholly believe it yet, the interior life is a real life, and the intangible dreams of people have a tangible effect on the world. (Para. 29). Antithesis
8. In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, not the statesman, who is our strongest arm. (Para. 29) Metonomy
9
9. It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and for himself beneath the open sky. (Para. 16) simile
Lesson13
1. The Sixth commandment not withstanding. (Para 8) Allusion.
2. Dictum格言
E.g. 1)...of the ancient law, \"Eat or be eaten\" (Para. 10)
2) far better hang this man than \"give him life\"(Para. 23)
3. Euphemism
E.g. 1) The uncontrollable brute whom i want put out of the way is not to be punished for his misdeeds. (Para. 6)
2) And again, do we hear any protest against the police...that misses the artist and hits the bystander? (Para. 9)
4. Metaphor
1) The illicit jump we find here, on the threshold of the inquiry,,,(Para 4)
2) How many women are still haunted by the specter of an experience they
10
have never disclosed to another living soul？(Para 13)
5. Paradox
As if a model prisoner were not, first, a contradiction in terms, and second, an examplar of what a free society should not want.
6. Rhetorical question
1) But whi kill? (Para 7)
2) How can i oppose abolition? (Para. 7)
7. Sarcasm
1) The propaganda for abolition speaks in hushed tones of the sanctity of human life, as if ...should silence all opponents who have any moral sense. (Para. 8)
2) We may be sure form the experience of two ...that they will bless our arms and pray for victory when called upon...(Para 8)
8. He is to be killed for the protection of others, like the wolf that escaped not long ago in a Connecticut suburb. (para. 6) Simile
9. Synecdoche
11
1) The inquiring mind also wants to know, why the sanctity of human life alone?(Para. 10）
2）How many women are still haunted by the specter of an experience they have never disclosed to another living soul? (Para. 13)
10. Transferred epithet
1) The letter, sad and reproachful...(Para. 1)
2)...the movement for abolition is widespread and articulate (Para. 2)
11. Metonymy
Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymy
Lesson14
1. A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon同源词并列
2. Transferred epithet
1)The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below
12
cuts these people off from humanity.Para. 12
3. Alliteration
...while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and....(Para. 3)
4. New York was never Mecca to me. (Para. 7) metonomy; allusion
5. 5. Irony:
6. So what else is new? (Para. 16) rhetorical question
7. Metonymy
Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. (Para. 3)
8) Personification
1) Nature constantly yields to man in New York: ...sidewalk trees gamely struggling against...(Para. 8)
2) New York is a wounded city,... By its tax burdens. (Para. 15)
9) Antithesis
1) to win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to
13
the frustrated majority. (Para. 3）
2) The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates. (Para. 22) alliteration
10) Euphemism
The defeated are not hidden away ....on the wrong side of town. (Para. 18)
11. Metaphor
1) Characteristically, the city swallows up the UN...(Para. 20)
2) So much of well-to-do America now lives...in enclaves...the world. (Para.16)
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