Lesson 12 Ships in the Desert (Edited)⼀、词汇短语
1. anchor n. & v. to hold fast by or as if by an anchor抛锚，锚定：They layat anchor outside the harbor.他们在港外抛锚停泊。
2. lap vt. to wash or slap against with soft liquid sounds拍打：The waveswere lapping the side of the boat.波浪击打着船的侧⾯。3. comparable adj. that can be compared可⽐较的，⽐得上的4. underlying adj. fundamental, basic在下⾯的，根本的，潜在的
5. parka n. a thick warm jacket with a hood⽑⽪风雪⼤⾐，⽪制⼤⾐6. glacier n. a large mass of ice and snow that
forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate atwhich the snow melts; it moves slowly outward from the center ofaccumulation or down a mountain until it melts or breaks away冰川7. emission n. a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放，排出物：fume emission尘雾排放
8. inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded by
entreaty; relentless不可变的，残酷⽆情的：the inexorable passage of theseasons⼈⼒不能改变的四季转移
9. graph n. a diagram, as a curve, broken lines, series of bars, etc.,
representing the successive changes in a variable quantity or quantities图表，曲线图
10. frigid adj. extremely cold极其寒冷的：Frigid winds blew fromthe north.寒风从北⽅刮来。
11. snowmobile n. a small vehicle with a motor that movesover snow or ice easily雪地机动车
12. rendezvous n. a place where two or more people havearranged to meet集合（基地），指定集合地
13. snowscape n. a landscape covered with snow雪景
14. scenarios n. an outline of the plot of a dramatic or literary work设想；故事梗概
15. tundra n. vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between theice cap and the tree line苔原；冻⼟地带
16. billowing adj. of large wave or swell of翻滚的，波涛汹涌的：billowing waves汹涌的波浪
17. pasture n. land or a field that is covered with grass and isused for cattle, sheep etc to feed on牧场
18. assault n. a violent physical or verbal attack攻击，袭击：make a surprise assault on对……进⾏突然袭击19. noctilucent adj. luminous at night夜间发光的：noctilucent cloud夜光云20. translucent adj. not transparent, but clear enough
to allow light to pass through半透明的：a sliver of rock thin enough tobe translucent⼀⼩⽚薄得半透明的岩⽯
21. methane n. a gas that you cannot see or smell, which can beburned to give heat[化]甲烷，沼⽓
22. biomass n. the total mass of living matter in a given unitarea⽣物量，（单位⾯积或体积内）⽣物的数量
23. tusk n. in elephants, wild boars, walruses, etc., a very long, large,pointed tooth, usually one of a pair, projecting outside the mouth and usedfor defense, digging up food, etc. 长⽛，獠⽛，尖⽛
24. collision n. the act or process of colliding; a crash or conflict
碰撞，冲突：the midair collision of two light planes两架轻型飞机在空中的碰撞
25. assault n. a violent attack攻击，袭击：make a surprise assaulton…对……进⾏突然袭击
26. startle vi. to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly震惊，使⼤为
吃惊：I was startled by [at] the news of his death.我听到他的死讯⼤吃⼀惊。27. paralysis n. a). the loss of the ability to move all or part of
your body or feel things in it⿇痹；b). inability to move or function; totalstoppage or severe impairment of activity瘫痪，停滞：The fear led tonational paralysis.这种恐惧导致了国际⼤瘫痪。28. distraction n. the act of distracting or the condition of
being distracted精神涣散，分⼼：There are too many distractions here
to work properly.这⾥叫⼈分⼼的事太多，使⼈⽆法好好⼯作。29. distressing adj. that is upset, annoying令⼈苦恼的，使⼈痛苦的：a distressing situation使⼈痛苦难熬的局势
30. skirmish n. a minor or preliminary conflict or dispute⼩冲突：
There had been a skirmish in the half light of dawn.天朦朦亮的时候曾经有过⼀场⼩规模的战⽃。
31. contamination n. the act or process of
contaminating污染：contamination of the river by industrial waste⼯业垃圾造成的河流污染
32. aquifer n. an underground bed or layer of earth, gravel, orporous stone that yields water蓄⽔层33. ecological system⽣态系统34. chlorine n. [化]氯
35. chlorofluorocarbon n. [化]碳氟化合物
36. ultraviolet adj. ultraviolet light or the ultraviolet
part of the spectrum紫外光，紫外线的：ultraviolet light/rays/紫外线；其前缀ultra-意为beyond，类似的单词还有ultrared（红外线的），ultrashort
（超短波的），ultrasonic（超⾳波的），ultramodern（极其现代化的）37. molecule n. a). a group of like or different atoms heldtogether by chemical forces分⼦；b). a small particle; a tiny bit⼩粒，⼀点⼉
38. equilibrium n. a condition in which all acting
influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced or
unchanging system平衡，均衡：be in equilibrium with…与……平衡39. vegetative adj. of, relating to plants or their growth植物的
40. prehistoric adj. belonging to or existing in times
before recorded history史前的：They have found prehistoric remains.他们发现了史前遗迹。
41. paddy n. a). rice, especially in the husk, whether gathered or still inthe field稻⾕；b). a field in which rice is grown in water稻⽥42. pervasive adj. having the quality or tendency to pervade
or permeate有渗透⼒的，弥漫的：The mood of defeat was as pervasiveas the odor of malfunctions and decay.失败的情绪就像损坏腐烂的臭味⼀样弥漫全艇。
43. fragility n. being fragile that is easy to be hurt脆弱，虚
弱
44. surge n. a heavy, billowing, or swelling motion like that of great
waves汹涌，澎湃
45. magnification n. the act of magnifying or the
state of being magnified放⼤，放⼤率：electronic magnification电⼦放⼤
46. illustration n. the act of clarifying or explaining证
明，例证：We present a simplified illustration to show the flow of
product costs.现举⼀个简例来表述产品成本流程。47. accelerate v. to increase the speed of加速，促进：Hedecided to accelerate his advertising.他决定增加⼴告的数量。[扩展]acceleration n. 加速度/ accelerative adj. 加速的，催化的48. exponential adj. of or relating to an exponent指数的，幂的
49. axiom n. a rule or principle that is generally considered to betrue [数]公理
50. cumulative adj. increasing by successive addition累积的：cumulative knowledge累积的知识
51. exploit vt. to employ to the greatest possible advantage开发，开拓：exploit one’s talents开发某⼈的智⼒
52. sustenance n. something, especially food, that sustains
life or health⾷物，维持⽣计：He gave money for the sustenance of apoor family.他把钱给⼀穷⼈家维持⽣活。
53. utterly adv. completely; absolutely; entirely全然，完全地，彻底地：It is utterly ridiculous to think like that.那样想真是荒谬极了。54. implication n. the act of implying or the condition
of being implied暗⽰，隐含：He smiled, with the implication that hedidn’t believe me.他笑了，暗⽰着不相信我。
55. depletion n. the state of being depleted; exhaustion损耗，耗尽：cost depletions成本折耗
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