Unit1
Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 achieving good results (productive)
2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)
3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)
4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)
5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)
6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)
7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity
To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwriting
course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious – the film business
is very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takes
more than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there will
always be (5) resistance from producers because it’s too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of
others to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your
(7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
1 We’ve seen a place we like and we’re applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage)
2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)
3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)
4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forces
of nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)
5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)
Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how … that …
1 What other people think of us is determined by how we behave.
It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.
2 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.
It’s what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.
3 What we do as a career isn’t always determined by the marks we get at university.
It isn’t always what marks we get at university that determine what we do as a
career.
4 How we react to life’s problems is often determined by our childhood experiences.
It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s problems.
5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it.
It’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.
Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that … but …
1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets.
It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.
2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gain a first-class degree.
It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she
took the time to gain a first-class degree.
3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.
It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.
4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.
It wasn’t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.
5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun.
It wasn’t just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.
Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)
Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed
plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future, because future isfull of uncertainties.
2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)
After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of
the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.
Unit2
Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 accurate and true (definite)
2 continuing all the time (perpetual)
3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl)
4 to shine very brightly (blaze)
5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control (giggle)
6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt)
7 to fall to the ground (tumble)
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity
Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) definite and still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman. Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In the distance a plane was taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6) giggling which came from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)
2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly.
(barren)
3 The boys were playing a children’s game in which the players chase and try to touch each other and the
girls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)
4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as a
punishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)
5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)
6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear.(napkin)
Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极大的吸引力。后来他上了车，列车从我身边隆隆地开走了。可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可见，对于英雄们的壮举，我钦佩不已。(fascination; roar; marvel at)
At the railway station, an old man told me his experience in the Liberation War, the fighting stories of which were of great fascination to me. Then he got up on the train and it roared past me. But the stories were so real and definite that I greatly marvelled at the courageous deeds of those war heroes.
2 行之有效的环保政策不仅能创造良好的生态环境，还能大大降低能源消耗。回顾这个地区近年来的发展情况，我们惊喜地发现地区政府强制实行的环保政策不但没有受到任何批评，还促使居民增强了环保意识，尽其所能节约能源。(consumption; impose; take exception to; prompt)
Effective environmental policy might bring about a good environment, as well as reducing energy consumption. Looking back on the recent development of this region, we find, to our pleasant surprise,that little exception has been taken to the environmental policy of the local government, and the policy has also raised the environmental awareness of the local residents and prompted them to save energy as possible as they could.
Unit3
Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 to make up or form something (constitute)
2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)
3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)
4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting
a drum or other surface (rhythm)
5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)
6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer)
7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity
Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well-Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is(3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist and a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky,(7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International
Piano Competition. (proclaim)
2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy)
It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.
3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)
4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of)
5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)
6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)
Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done .
1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers.
The artist and the model might have been lovers.
2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model.
Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.
3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant.
The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant.
4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.
Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.
5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty.
Vermeer might have died in poverty.
Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that …
1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot while she was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.
2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night.
3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little
Chinese and I don’t speak much Spanish.
Art for art’s sake Unit 3
4 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TV and it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.
5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours a day when he was quite small.
Rewrite the sentences using insist that …
1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him.
I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go.
2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.
The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.
3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest.
We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.
4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.
They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book.
5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done.
She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.
Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 随着婚礼的临近，苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一次后，她才意识到，尽管自己已经28岁了，但在情感方面还不够成熟，还没有为婚姻做好准备，也不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的家庭生活。(pin down; guarantee)
As the wedding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin down what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage and she was not sure whether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life.
2 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法，这不仅仅因为他们对自己的英
语口语不够自信，还因为他们相信稳重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题，鼓励学生参与讨论，让他们增强自信心，拉近彼此间的距离。(shy away; engage sb in)
She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their feelings or opinions, due not merely to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So she specially conceived a couple of simple topics and encouraged them in the discussion, in order that they might become more confident and closer with each other.
Unit4
Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 old, broken or useless things (junk)
2 relating to large companies, or a particular large company (corporate)
3 to not approve of someone or something (disapprove)
4 to form a picture of someone or something in your mind (visualize)
5 an agreement in which you risk an amount of money by saying what you think will happen (bet)
6 to find out something (ascertain)
7 the space at the left or right side of a page where words are not usually printed or written (margin)
8 to discuss something with other people in order to reach a decision (confer)
9 important, respected, and admired (eminent)
10 to twist your face into an expression that shows you are angry (scowl)
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity
1 It’s not easy to visualize what life was like in the age of the steam engine.
2 If you disapprove of these plans, you should let me know exactly what you find wrong with them.
3 Thomas’ room is full of junk like broken electrical equipment and old computer parts he doesn’t need.
4 My bet is that this type of job won’t give you much satisfaction.
5 We’re going to need some time to confer with our lawyers before we make a decision.
6 The margins of the pages in this document have all been written on.
7 We can’t accept your application, without ascertaining the authenticity of your qualifications.
8 It was a corporate decision to close the bank, not the choice of any individual.
9 She’s a very nice person, and a very eminent professor.
10 Why is he scowling at me? What have I done?
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to make other changes.
1 A curious child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do. (inquisitive)An inquisitive child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do.
2 Most people think the decision they took is impossible to understand. (incomprehensible)
3 Could you write down any ideas you have during the meeting on this piece of paper? (jot)
4 You are very careful about noticing details if you can remember exactly what the manager was wearing.(observant)
5 I’m afraid we don’t know the place where Helen is right now. (whereabouts)I’m afraid we don’t know the whereabouts of Helen.
6 Don’t be unhappy and lacking in enthusiasm. I’m sure one of the applications will be successful.dispirited)
7 I’d like to buy an open top car, but they’re all so terribly expensive. (prohibitively)
Replace the underlined words with the word in brackets and the appropriate prefix. You may need to make other changes.
1 I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be no good at his job. (competent)
I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be incompetent at his job.
2 I don’t have the same opinion as you. I think he’s doing fine. (agree)
I disagree with you. I think he’s doing fine.
3 If you click here, you can cancel the last change you made to the document. (do)
If you click here, you can undo the last change you made to the document.
4 How many people are without a job in this town? (employed)
How many people are unemployed in this town?
5 I didn’t know that you had introduced all these new rules. (aware)
I was unaware that you had introduced all these new rules.
6 Obviously, it wasn’t our intention not to obey the orders. (obey)
Obviously, it wasn’t our intention to disobey the orders.
7 I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is not complete. (complete)
I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is incomplete.
8 I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t have any bad feelings towards them. (like)
I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t dislike them.
9 I’m afraid that software is not compatible with our system. (compatible)
I’m afraid that software is incompatible with our system.
Rewrite the sentences using for all + noun phrase.
1 Although we are concerned about the environment, there is little that we can
do to protect it.
For all our concern about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.
2 He has a lot of knowledge about the world of finance, but he doesn’t seem to know how to invest money wisely.
For all his knowledge about the world of finance, he doesn’t seem to know how to invest money wisely.
3 Although she said a lot of kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we had spent on this project.
For all her kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we had spent on this project.
4 He has hundreds of bright ideas about developing new products, but he never seems able to put them down on paper.
For all his bright ideas about developing new products, he never seems able to put them down on paper.
5 I do have a lot of doubts about this new software, but I recognize that it is quite innovative.
For all my doubts about this new software, I recognize that it is quite innovative.
Rewrite the sentences using as + adj. … as.
1 I am confused about how to apply for the job. Similarly, they are confused about who can apply.
I am as confused about how to apply for the job as they are about who can apply.
2 My wife and I were worried about staying longer than we were supposed to. Similarly, our hosts were worried that we might not have enjoyed the meal.
My wife and I were as worried about staying longer as our hosts were that we might not have enjoyed the meal.
3 Our generation knows little about cassette recorders and record players. Similarly our parents know little about iPods and MP3 players.
Our generation knows as little about cassette recorders and record players as our parents know about iPods and MP3 players.
4 We are curious about what he does for a living. Similarly, he is curious about what our company does.
We are as curious about what he does for a living as he is about what our company does.
5 I have very little idea about how to shoe a horse. Similarly, he doesn’t have much idea about how to repair a motorbike.
I have as little idea about how to shoe a horse as he has about how to repair a motorbike.
Translate the paragraphs into English. 1 我们根本就看不懂他们的计划书，因为他们的观点不太容易把握。这很可能是因为我们双方对于另一方的思维方式都感到同样的困惑。我认为应该安排一次面谈，让大家消除误会，扫除沟通的障碍。(make of; come to grips with; it’s a safe bet that; as baffled … as)
We couldn’t make of their proposal at all, because it was no easy job for us to come to grips with their perspective. It was a safe bet that we were as much baffled about their way of thinking as they were about ours. I think we need to arrange a meeting to clear up misunderstandings and to remove communication barriers.
2 从与他共事二十多年的一位同事所写的传记中不难得出这样的结论：他所代表的绝对是该国二战之后的精英阶层，他们在宗教和政治方面的观念较为保守。(nothing if not; in the wake of; in terms of)
From a biography written by one of his former colleagues who had worked with him for more than two decades, it is not difficult to conclude that what he represented was nothing if not the elite class of the country in the wake of World War II, who were rather conservative in terms of religious and political views.
Unit5
Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation)
2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense)
3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated)
4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive)
5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)
6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit)
7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do
what you want (intimidate)
8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter)
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity
There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionally the more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive. One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaign which comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign,for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. They also need a lot of new(4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working,(5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot of
problems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to beable to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style and organization of the election campaign.
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agreeable)
She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company.
2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe. (laughable)
3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption)
4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shivering)
5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful)
6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged)
7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient)
8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause)
Rewrite the sentences using not just to … but to … 1 I needed to see him for two reasons. I wanted to tell him about the new contract, and I also wanted to check whether he was still interested in working with us.
I needed to see him not just to tell him about the new contract, but to check whether he was still interested in working with us.
2 People went to Joanne’s for two reasons. They went because they were curious to see who their fellow diners were, but also to be seen themselves.
People went to Joanne’s not just to see who their fellow diners were, but to be seen themselves.
3 Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro for two reasons. Firstly, it was a personal challenge, and secondly, he wanted to raise money for a children’s charity.
Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro not just to face this personal challenge, but to raise money for a children’s charity.
4 I agreed to go to Egypt for two reasons. I wanted to see an old friend, and I also needed a break from the northern winter.
I agreed to go to Egypt not just to see an old friend, but to take a needed break from the northern winter.
5 Florence left home for two reasons. She couldn’t find a job in the area where she lived, and she was beginning to find family life oppressive.
Florence left home not just to find a job in this area, but to escape from her family life which she found oppressive.
Complete the sentences with an appropriate prep. + which / whom.
1 It’s not always easy to identify the group to which someone belongs.
2 The global community, of which we are all part, is changing very rapidly.
3 The friends with whom I grew up all left home years ago.
4 The standards by which we are judged today seem to have little to do with traditional values.
5 The society in which I grew up was rather different in those days.
6 My parents, to whom I owe so much, came from a very poor background.
Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 这位年轻人是个侦探小说迷，在看了福尔摩斯探案故事之后，他自以为完全掌握了侦探技巧，于是就开始调查一起抢劫案。经过几个星期的周密调查，他倒是追查到了三名疑犯，只可惜案发时这三个人都身在国外。(know sth inside out; track down)
This young man liked reading detective stories. After finished reading Holmes’ stories, he thought he had known the detective’s skills inside out and started to investigate a case of robbery. After a few weeks of close investigation, he tracked down three suspects, who turned out to be abroad when the robbery took place.
2 在本书中我们确实体会到了两种文化之间的差异。不过作者没有详细叙述这些差异，而是仔细讨论了两种文化的相同点，其中说得最多的是为什么这两种文化都如此强调工作的热忱。(dwell on; ofwhich; loyalty)
In this book, we do find some differences between the two cultures. But instead of dwelling on the differences, the author presents lengthy discussions on things they have in common, of which their loyalty to work are most thoroughly touched upon.
Unit6
Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 to make a fire stop burning (extinguish)
2 the total number of people who have been killed or hurt (toll)
3 an extremely difficult or frightening situation (nightmare)
4 a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die (tragedy)
5 as much as possible (utmost)
6 impressive actions that prove someone is very brave (heroism)
7 happening in a confused way and without any order or organization (chaotic)
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity
For a firefighter arriving on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the most (1) chaotic.He has to (2) extinguish the fire, he also needs to find out if human lives are in danger. When people are
trapped inside a building he must act swiftly to prevent (3) tragedy, or, – in the (4) nightmare scenario – to keep the death (5) toll to a minimum. Actions like these require the (6) utmost degree of (7) heroism.
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
1 He’s a very honest, fair and well-behaved sort of person. (decent)
2 I’d like to express my thanks for everything you’ve done for me. (gratitude)
3 There was a group of cows standing in the corner of the field. (herd)
4 There have been very big increases in food prices over the last few months. (massive)
5 All the people should leave the building immediately when the alarm sounds. (evacuate)
6 She has displayed all the qualities needed for being a leader in her job. (leadership)
Rewrite the sentences using Why is it that ...? 1 I don’t know why we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town.
Why is it that we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town?
2 I don’t know why we are not able to organize fair elections in this part of the world.
Why is it that in this part of the world we are not able to organize fair elections?
3 I don’t know why they never employ qualified people in this hotel.
Why is it that in this hotel they never employ qualified people?
4 I don’t know why the system of welfare is still not working properly in this country.
Why is it that in this country the system of welfare is still not working properly?
5 I don’t know why you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask.
Why is it that you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask?
4 Rewrite the sentences using adj. + though it + be.
1 My time in the United States was short, but it was interesting.
My time in the United States, short though it was, was interesting.
2 The scenes of destruction were terrible, but not surprising.
The scenes of destruction, terrible though they were, were not surprising.
3 The rescue operation cost a lot of money, but it was successful.
The rescue operation, costly though it was, was successful.
4 The lesson he gave was extremely interesting, but it was soon forgotten.
The lesson he gave, interesting though it was, was soon forgotten.
5 Mother Teresa may have been old, but she was extremely active.
Mother Teresa, old though she may have been, was extremely active.
6 His actions may have been unconscious, but they have had very serious consequences.
His actions, unconscious though they may have been, have had very serious consequences.
Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 人们很不理解为什么他一份工作干了30年，大多数人到了他这个年纪至少已经换了四五份工作了。也许对他来说，为了获得更高的薪水或是寻求体验新事物的刺激而换工作毫无意义。在他看来，唯一重要的事是稳定。(stick with; point; thrill)
People are quite puzzled about the fact that he has stuck with the same job for 30 years when most people of his age have changed at least four or five jobs. Maybe for him there is no point in changing jobs for a higher pay or for the thrill of experiencing something new. The only thing that matters, in his point of view, is stability.
2 协会中的大多数会员认为应该竭力游说政府，确保这项计划获得批准。至关重要的是要把决策者中
的一些反对者争取过来。虽然这会很难，但是他们下定决心要作最大的努力。 (lobby; win over; adj. +though it + be; utmost)
Most members of the association believe that they need to lobby as hard as possible to make sure that the plan will be approved by the government. It’s essential to win over some of the naysayers among the policy makers. Tough though it will be, they have made up their mind to make utmost efforts.
Unit7
Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 something harmful or unpleasant that happens to someone (misfortune)
2 neither positive nor negative (neutral)
3 relating to or involving mathematics (mathematical)
4 weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally (vulnerable)
5 happening or coming after something else (subsequent)
6 the number of times that something happens during a period of time (frequency)
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity
1 Some people seem to blame all their misfortunes on bad luck.
2 Many people would argue that there is no such thing as bad luck; all events are neutral.
3 The frequency with which things seem to go wrong may depend on things like health factors.
4 Is it a mathematical certainty that toast will always fall butter side down?
5 We need to help the most vulnerable people in our society.
6 If you’re depressed, and one thing goes wrong, all subsequent events are likely to seem negative too.
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1 Which is the quickest way to the town centre? (route)
2 Our math teacher’s lesson included part of yesterday’s lecture. (overlapped)
Our math teacher’s lessen overlapped with yesterday’s lecture.
3 You’ll find the statistics department in the building next to this one. (adjacent)
4 Unfortunately, two hundred people lost their jobs last month. (sacked)
Unfortunately, two hundred people were sacked last month.
5 Why do certain groups of letters stay close together in this language? (cluster)
6 The office will be closed for the whole period of the Christmas holidays. (duration)
Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined adjectives into nouns.
1 It is possible that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident.
There is a possibility that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident.
2 I am not responsible for anything that happens to you.
It’s not my responsibility what happens to you.
3 I’m not sure how suitable this programme is for you.
I’m not sure of this programme’s suitability for you.
4 The fact that the calculation was complex slowed me down.
The calculation’s complexity slowed me down.
5 Being naturally curious is a characteristic of many great thinkers.
Natural curiosity is a characteristic of many great thinkers.
6 I was surprised that her behaviour was stupid.
I was surprised at the stupidity of her behaviour.
Rewrite the sentences using when it comes to …
1 If we consider evaluating students’ work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made.
When it comes to evaluating students’ work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made.
2 If we consider the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant.
When it comes to the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather
unimportant.
3 If we turn our attention to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and well-being.
When it comes to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and wellbeing.
4 In the case of learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to persevere are essential.
When it comes to learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to persevere are essential.
5 If we turn our attention to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.
When it comes to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.
Rewrite the sentences using if only .
1 I won’t be able to work out this mathematical problem unless you are quiet for a few minutes.
If only you were quiet for a few minutes, I would be able to work out this mathematical problem.
2 You won’t be able to find your way in life unless you start to understand the difference between good and bad advice.
If only you understood the difference between good and bad advice, you would be able to find your way in life.
3 I won’t be able to sleep well tonight unless I stop worrying about what happened this morning.
If only I stopped worrying about what happened this morning, I would be able to sleep well tonight.
4 The number of accidents at work won’t decrease unless people are more careful and follow the safety instructions.
If only people were more careful and followed the safety instructions, the number of accidents at work would decrease.
5 You won’t become a great singer unless you are prepared to practise at least six hours every day.
If only you practised six hours every day, you would become a great singer.
Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 媒体对于接连发生的两件惨剧之间没有任何关系的说法表示怀疑，总统没有迅速作
出反应也让大家很不满。谈到总统的执政能力，媒体早已失去信心，除非他能在随后的任期中有所作为。(consecutive;independent of; responsive; when it comes to; if only)
The media doubt the claim that the two consecutive tragedies were independent of each other, and are dissatisfied with the fact that the President was not responsive immediately. When it comes to his competence in running the government, the media have long lost their trust, if only he could do well in his subsequent term.
2 时刻牢记不要因为你的孩子成绩不好而羞辱他们，因为这种被羞辱的痛苦记忆可能会困扰孩子很长时间，使他们从小就厌学，并且会妨碍他们形成积极的生活态度。只有当父母发现孩子身上的优点，并且不断鼓励他们，孩子的发展才能得以长久。(turn off from; humiliate; haunt; identify)
Keep remembering that do not humiliate your child because they don’t gain good grades, as their memory of the humiliation will haunt them for a long time, turn them off from learning at an early age and prevent them from gaining positive attitudes towards life. The development of children can be sustained only when parents identify the strengths in their children and encourage them from time to time.
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