2018版高考英语(课标通用)大一轮复习课时作业：四Unit2Workingtheland含答案

课时作业（十七）

Ⅰ。阅读理解

[2017·安徽淮南二模］

Do Peru’s potatoes have the right stuff？That's the question scientists will be asking in Lima next month，when a selection of potatoes will begin undergoing tests to determine whether they are fit to grow on Mars。

NASA，the US space agency，is conducting the pioneering experiment together with Lima's International Potato Center。

They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars­like conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable。Of the selected candidates，40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to grow in different ecological zones,can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas.The other 60 are improved varieties，able to survive with little water and salt.They are also immune to viruses.Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterion—they must be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduce in large quantities.“We’re almost 100 percent certain that many of the selected potatoes will pass the tests，” said Julio Valdivia

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Silva，a Peruvian NASA astrobiologist (太空生物学家) who is taking part in the ambitious project。The scientists plan to transport 100 kilos of soil to a lab in Lima that will simulate the complex Martian atmosphere-which contains mostly carbon dioxide—and expose it to extreme ultraviolet （紫外线的） radiation。If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don’t adapt to the desert soil,the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will be provided by radiation.

In future years，NASA plans to build a Mars research center in the Peruvian desert.It would create a perfect copy of the Martian landscape and atmosphere for future research into space farming that could serve manned missions to Mars and other planets in the solar system.

1．What is the best title of the passage？ A．Transport potatoes to Peru。

B．Determine the varieties of potatoes in Peru。 C．NASA is to build a Mars reseach center in Peru.

D．NASA is to simulate growing potatoes on Mars in Peru。

2．According to the third paragraph，which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Forty kinds of potatoes can survive with little water and salt。

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B．Many types of potatoes to be planted on Mars are developed in Peru.

C．Sixty varieties native to the Andes Mountains can stand sudden climate changes.

D．The final criterion is that all the candidates are immune to viruses on the earth.

3．What if the selected varieties don't adapt to the desert soil in Peru？

A．Astrobiologists will be sent there to help.

B．Nutrients will be provided to plants by radiation。 C．A Mars research center will be built for further study。 D．100 more kilos of potatoes will be directly sent to Lima. 4．The passage may be in the________column of China Daily。 A．science C．tourism

B．sports

D．entertainment

答案：［解题导语］本文为新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局(NASA）将与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验。

1．D 解析:主旨大意题.通读文章可知美国国家航空航天局(NASA)计划与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验，即

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在秘鲁培育可在火星上种植的土豆。故答案为D项.

2．B 解析：事实细节题。根据第三段第一句They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars。like conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable。可知B项正确.根据第三段中的The other 60 are improved varieties，able to survive with little water and salt。可排除A项；根据第三段中的Of the selected candidates。 40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to grow in different ecological zones， can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas。可排除C项；根据第三段中的Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterion－they must be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduce in large quantities.可排除D项。

3．B 解析：事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don't adapt to the desert soil,the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will be provided by radiation。可知答案为B项。

4．A 解析：推理判断题。本文介绍的是美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验,属于科普类文章，故答案为A项。

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Ⅱ.阅读填空

[2017·河北衡水中学期末］

Tips to Ease Migraines

If you've ever experienced migraine headache，you know that it’s no walk in the park。Migraines are a very painful type of headache,and often felt on one or both sides of a head。Some people experience migraines every now and then，while others get them more than once a week。__1__Although they are not dangerous to life,migraines can seriously affect one’s ability to function throughout the day。Here are four tips for easing migraines。

1.Learn to manage。Migraines are often caused by stress，so try not to get stressed out easily.Avoid using the computer for too long and going to bed late at night。Learning stress management techniques can reduce and even prevent the pain of a migraine headache.__2__If you prefer to practice relaxation at home，then try lying down on your bed or sofa and closing your eyes。Take slow,deep breaths and focus on relaxing each muscle group one at a time until you feel relaxed every single muscle in your body。

2．Use ice massage (按摩)．Another solution is the “ice

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massage”．Put your fingers into ice。cold water and then press your temples （太阳穴 ) until the pain decreases。__3__

3．Drink lots and lots of water。You can also get migraines if your body lacks water.Avoid dehydration by staying out of the sun and drinking plenty of water throughout the day。Carry a water bottle with you。__4__

4．__5__When you have a migraine，lights and sound can sometimes be your worst enemy。Close your curtains，turn out the lights，and remember to turn off the TV。

A．Add a few drops of peppermint (薄荷） oil for an even stronger effect.

B．Create a dark space to rest。

C．But never drink coffee，tea,or soda，for these may cause migraines. D．But never wear headphones for too long,since they may cause migraines。

E．Avoid bright lights and loud noises. F．You can do this by taking a yoga lesson.

G．About 6 in every 100 people regularly experience migraine headaches。

答案:[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些缓解偏头

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痛的方法。

1．G 解析：上文讲到了一些人饱受偏头痛的困扰，下文转换话题说尽管偏头痛不会危及生命，但是会影响生活.由此可知，设空处应该是对上文的延伸.G项内容是患病人数，与上文意义一致。故选G项。

2．F 解析：根据空格后的If you prefer to practice relaxation at home。。.可知，空格处的内容应是涉及放松方面的，而F项中的taking a yoga lesson正是放松的一种方式.故选F项.

3．A 解析：本段介绍的方法是冰按摩,而A项中的薄荷油也有类似的凉爽感觉.故选A项。

4．C 解析：本段介绍的方法是多喝水,选项应该与饮水相关，C项中的咖啡、茶水和苏打水与此相关，而且饮用这些东西会导致偏头痛。故选C项.

5．E 解析：空格后说到,当你患有偏头痛的时候,声音和光是你最大的敌人。因此空格处应该是避免强光和噪音。故选E项。

Ⅲ。语法填空

[2017·湖南东部六校联考］

One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving。It is 1.________（frequent）referred to as Black Friday。

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The use of the word “black\"relates 2.________the business accountants.Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink.So 3.________（be） “in the black\"on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing，a return to profits。

Black Friday is the big day for many retailers，and it presents the shopper an opportunity 4。________(get)all of one’s holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices。On that day，most retailers will open very early 5.________usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products，while a great number of holiday shoppers will get 6。________early start in the morning to begin holiday shopping.

Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores，7。________is the other idea of a “Black Friday”，a day they do not like。It used to be the 8。________（busy)shopping day of a year。Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress 9。________(involve)in fighting the crowds。In recent years the Saturday before Christmas 10。________（see）the biggest shopping crowds.

答案：［解题导语］本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。

1．frequently 解析：考查副词.句意:它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五\"。空处修饰动词短语is referred to,应用副词.

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2．to 解析:考查固定搭配。relate to..。 “和……有关”，是固定短语。

3．being 解析：考查动名词作主语.分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主语。

4．to get 解析:考查非谓语动词.它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作an opportunity的定语。

5．and 解析：考查并列连词.多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。

6．an 解析:考查冠词。an early start“一个早的开始”,此处表示泛指,故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。

7．which 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本处应为非性定语从句,空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话,应用关系代词which.

8．busiest 解析：考查形容词最高级。它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日.根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。

9．involved 解析:考查非谓语动词。很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入嘈杂人群的压力中。involve与stress为逻辑上的动宾关

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系，故用过去分词作定语。

10．has seen 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In recent years可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数,故用has seen。

Ⅳ.短文改错

If people suddenly disappeared from the Earth，our planet would look as it did 100,000 years before.If insects disappeared，nothing that on land would survive.These words show that it is stupid to think that humans are the most important living thing in the world.We are just part of the ecosystem and other things may be many more important than us.

Human activities in the past have increased global concern for the balance between human life and ecosystems.The causes is common to all humanity。Three driving forces affected our global environment.The rapid population grow makes the political and economic problems worse.With the social,economic and political problems caused by humans，the global environment would probable be in much better shape。However，in order to make the world a better place to live,we should protect the ecosystem around us.

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