高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略
一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。
即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。
三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。
文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。
四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法，语法，定义，同位语，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
Ⅱ.阅读理解常见问题及原因分析
问题一：已经找对了题干与原文对应处，为何还做错？ 原因：
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①精确定位：要看清真正的问题，即用信息词定位之后，要看清句子逻辑关系，弄清意思。 ②学会看选项的方法： a．找最贴近原文意思的选项；
b．去除选项间的相同信息，专门关注区别点； c．分清褒贬；
d．分清程度大小，强烈关注选项中表内容的单词； e．看清范围，分清是整体还是局部。
考点一、主旨大意题
1．主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。
2．主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。
【方法技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：
①寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。
主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。
②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。
③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
考点二、细节理解题
1．此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
2．细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。
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【技巧归纳】
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
点拨：细节理解题的三个步骤：
①浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。 ②抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。
③回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。 总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
考点三、词义猜测题 1．词义猜测题的常见形式： (1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解； (2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象； (3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；
(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。
2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。
【方法技巧】词义猜测题的三大突破
1．根据定义猜测词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or，similarly，that is to say，in rather words，namely，or rather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。
2．根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。
3．通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。 注意
①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；
②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。 考点四、推理判断题
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1．推理判断题的考查形式通常为：
推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和态度；推断写作目的和意图；推断文章的出处；推断文章中人物的性格态度等。
2．推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。
【方法技巧】推理判断题的五大技巧：
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
考点五、篇章结构题
解答此类题目首先要了解文章结构，从段落组织方式上看，有三种形式：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式是一正一反)。要想准确深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握文章的脉搏，特别是把握段与段之间的逻辑关系，然后分析作者采用了什么论证手段证明主题，从而正确解答试题。近几年还有些试题考查全文或某一段落是以什么样的形式展开论述的，一般来说有的按事情发展的顺序，有的按时间的先后顺序，有的按人物的活动内容，还有的按地点或空间的位置变换，阅读时要特别注意。
1.【2017·全国新课标I】A Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.
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◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A. In Building 1. B. In Building 3. C. At the last Dome.
D. At the Denny Way entrance.
22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A. Train Science teachers. B. Distribute science books. C. Distribute scientific research. D. Take science to the classroom.
23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events. C. To introduce special exhibits. D. To tell about the Center’s history.
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【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A
【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
1．B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.可知，Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laster Dome旁边的3号楼的楼上。故选B。
3．A 写作意图题。根据文章最后一段Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助，做贡献。故选A。
2.【2017·全国新课标I】B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner
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called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
4．What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1? A. Efforts made in vain. B. Getting injured in his work. C. Feeling uncertain about his future. D. Creatures forced out of their homes. 5．Why was the author called to Muttontown? A. To rescue a woman. B. To take care of a woman. C. To look at a baby owl. D. To cure a young owl.
6．What made the chick calm down? A. A new nest. B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents.
7．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event? A. It’s unexpected. B. It’s beautiful. C. It’s humorous. D. It’s discouraging. 【答案】 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后
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可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。
4．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
6．A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。
7．B 推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
4.【2017·全国新课标I】D
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates
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(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
11．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive. C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.
12．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup.
13．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 14．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form . A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet 【答案】 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D
【解析】本文是一篇科普文章。文章主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。
12．B 猜测词义题。根据文章Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知，最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D。就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。
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14．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知，地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。
10.【2017·新课标III】B
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town,” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good-by as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special? A. It made room for new equipment.
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B. It signaled the closedown of the theater. C. It was done with the help of the audience. D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater. 25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on? A. It was an all-time classic. town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
B. It was about the history of the
26. What will probably happen to the building? A. It will be repaired. C. It will be knocked down.
B. It will be turned into a museum.
D. It will be sold to the city government.
27. What can we infer about the audience? A. They are disappointed with Bradford. theater.
C. They are supportive of the city officials. center.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争，而面临着不得不关门，转手出售的故事。
24．B细节理解题。根据首段第三、四句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走垃圾，而且还挪走了座椅和其他剧院的设备，为了剧院的转卖和拆迁。
D. They are eager to have a shopping B. They are sad to part with the old
26. C细节理解题。根据第四段末句“which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.”可以推断这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。
27.B推理判断题。根据第二段中“most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.”可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。
11.【2017·新课标III】C
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental
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United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
28.What is the text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tested.
B. Separated.
C. Forced out.
D. Tracked down.
30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？
A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park’s income. C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals. 31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。因为人类活动影响到灰狼数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。
28．主旨大意题。文章开门见山指出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，之后在下文详细介绍了原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文主要是关于美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少，由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地生态的破坏。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推广的。可知作者对黄石公园引进灰狼的态度是”积极的，赞成的“，故选B。
12.【2017·新课标III】D
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were
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more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
32.What is the purpose of the Drivel AB? A.To explore newmeans of transport. B.To design new types of cars. C.To find out older driver`s problems. D.To teach people traffic rules.
33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A.It keeps them independent. B.It helps them save time. C.It builds up their strength. D.It cures their mental illnesses.
34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A.Improve their driving skills. B.Develop driver-assist technologles. C.Provide tips on repairing their cars. D.Organize regular physical checkups. 35.What is the best title for the text? A.A new Model Electric Car B.A Solution to Traffic Problem C.Driving Service for elders D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
【解析】本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如发开了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。
32．细节理解题。由文章第一段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drivel AB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.可知Drivel AB为了理
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解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里。即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
33. A推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe所说的内容 “driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，在Phil Blythe看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活的重要条件。
35. D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 “DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。
13.【2017·北京卷】A
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,“Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”
CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.
Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
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Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
56.What happened to Paris on a March day? A. She caught a bad cold.
B. She had a sudden heart problem. C. She was knocked down by a ball. D. She shivered terribly during practice 57.Why does Paris say she was lucky? A. She made a worthy friend. B. She recovered from shock. C. She received immediate CPR. D. She came back on the softball team.
58.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor? A. Enthusiastic and kind. B. Courageous and calm. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Ambitious and professional.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球队一名女孩Paris在打球的过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylor紧急对Paris进行了心肺复苏，送往医院后她恢复了心跳的故事，旨在说明面临心力衰竭时，保持冷静并进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。
56．根据第三段第一行，“It certainly was。 Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure。”可知，Paris突发心脏病，故B项正确。
58．根据第五段第二行“But when no one else came forward， Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR。”说明Taylor非常的勇敢，在没有人出来帮忙以及自己对自己不那么自信的情况下，她还是跑去救助了Paris。由第五段第三行Taylor 的话“It was scary。 I knew it was the difference between life
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and death。”以及第六段首句“Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down。”可知，Taylor是一个勇敢并且冷静的女孩，面对这种情况，她没有慌乱，用自己学习到的急救知识迅速行动并用自己的举动感染了队友，使她们镇静下来帮忙救助，故B项正确。
15.【2017·北京卷】C
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
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63．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________. A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D．information about measles spreads quickly 64．Herd immunity works well when ____________. A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together C．the whole neighborhood is involved in D．new regulations are added to the state laws
65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A．The overuse of vaccine. B．The lack of medical care. C．The features of measles itself. D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 66．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the idea of exemption. B．To discuss methods to cure measles. C．To stress the importance of vaccination. D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C
【解析】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及解释了为什么会发生这样的情况。 63．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿，因此可知答案为A。
65.推理判断题。根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。
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66.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。
【考点】医学疾病类文章阅读 16.【2017·北京卷】D
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super
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intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A. run out of human control B. satisfy human’s real desires C. command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician
68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independently C. do anything successfully with given orders D. beat humans in international chess matches
69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to . A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be secure against evil human beings C. keep machines from being harmed D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A. It will disappear with the development of AI. B. It will get worse with human interference. C. It will be solved but with difficulty. D. It will stay for a decade. 【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C
【解析】本文主要介绍了人工智能，它会给我们的生活带来什么样的影响。
67.推理判断题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说
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AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。
69．推理判断题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。
70．推理判断题。根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。
17.【2017·天津卷】A
Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.
Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horrors and burn with shame.
What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover. Clicking “send” too soon
Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.
Writing the wrong time
The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offered, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(I.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).
Clicking “reply all” unintentionally
You accidentally reveal(透露)to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.
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Sending an offensive message to it’s subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity tic hear up any difficulties you may have with this person.
36. After realizing an email accident, you are likely to feel _______. A. curious B. tired C. awful D. funny
37. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________. A. apologise in a serious manner B. tell the receiver to ignore the error C. learn to write the name correctly D. send a short notice to everyone
38. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email? A. Try offering other choices. B. Avoid further involvement. C. Meet other staff members. D. Make a light-hearted apology.
39. How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email? A. By promising not to offend the receiver again. B. By seeking support from the receiver’s friends. C. By asking the receiver to control his anger. D. By talking to the receiver face to face. 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. Defining email errors. B. Reducing email mistakes. C. Handling email accidents. D. Improving email writing.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了因为失误而发错信息的补救方法。
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2018年高考英语二轮复习精品资料
【考点】考查细节理解。
37．【解析】根据第二个标题句Writing the wrong time后面内容Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offered, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(I.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).可以拍判断出：你在邮件上写错了名字，最好以认真的方式道歉，故选A。
【考点】考查细节理解。
38．【解析】根据第三标题句Clicking “reply all” unintentionally下面内容的最后一句话： In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down在这种情况下，远离键盘让大家冷静下来，即避免进一步的牵涉。故选B。
【考点】考查细节理解。
【考点】考查细节理解。
40．【解析】前三段内容通过问问题和说明情况以及引出主题，处理邮件问题的四个具体方法可以判断出本文主要讲的是处理邮件问题。故选C。
【考点】考查主旨大意。 18.【2017·天津卷】B
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from
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doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow coms to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使„„永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
41. What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A. Her camera stopped working. B. A woman blocked her view. C. Someone asked her to leave D. A friend approached from behind.
42. According to the author, the woman was probably_______. A. enjoying herself B. losing her patience C. waiting for the sunset D. thinking about her past
43. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive? A. The rich color of the landscape. B. The perfect positioning of the camera. C. The woman’s existence in the photo. D. The soft sunlight that summer day.
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44. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________. A. the need to be close to nature B. the importance of private space C. the joy of the vacation in Italy D. the shared passion for beauty
45. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______. A. a particular life experience B. the pleasure of traveling C. the art of photography D. a lost friendship
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。 【解析】本文属于说明文。作者通过讲述作者在无奈的情况下拍摄的一张被一位女士干扰的照片的故事，向读者描述了这样的照片反而显得更生动，我们应该懂得共享美丽，理解分享美丽的重要性。
41.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段句子Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.可知，当作者要拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视线。故选B。 【考点】考查细节理解。 42.【答案】A
【解析】根据第三段的句子She seemed so content in her observation.她好像那么的满足于她的观察（欣赏风景），即在作者看来，那个妇女很可能很愉快。故选A。
【考点】考查细节理解。 43.【答案】C
【考点】考查细节理解。 44.【答案】D
【解析】根据倒数第二段中Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate
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beauty,可以判断出：挂在卧室墙上的照片使作者更好的理解了人们共有的欣赏追求美的激情 。故选D。
【考点】考查推理判断。 45.【答案】A
【解析】通读全文可知，前四段讲述这次印度旅行的特殊经历，后三段讲述这次特殊经历带给作者的感悟， 所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对于一次特殊经历的深入思考。故选A。
【考点】考查推理判断。 19.【2017·天津卷】C
This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know — no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore,
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where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.
46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A place where cars often break down. B. A case where passing a law is impossible. C. An area where no driving is permitted. D. A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to __________. A. stop people from breaking traffic rules B. help promote fully automatic driving C. protect drivers of all ages and races D. prevent serious property damage
48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars? A. It should get the attention of insurance companies. B. It should be the main concern of law makers. C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents. D. It should involve no human responsibility.
49. Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in __________. A. Singapore B. the UK C. the US D. Germany
50. What could be the best title for passage? A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability? B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
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【答案】 46．D 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
46．【解析】根据第二段内容;The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.注意冒号的作用，就是对死亡谷的解释说明：death valley”指的是制约着无人驾驶汽车未来的半自动化和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带即司机的角色不明朗的状况。A，B和C项内容文中根本就没有提到，故选D。
【考点】考查词义猜测。
47．【解析】根据第二段的句子The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles:和第四段内容The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.可以判断出这个提议被提出是为了推动完全自动化的驾驶。故选B。
【考点】考查推理判断。
【考点】考查细节理解。
49．【解析】根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.可知公共交通工具中无人驾驶车看不到未来是在美国。故选C。
【考点】考查细节理解。
50．【解析】通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了德国交通部长的提议是为了促进无人驾驶车运行，界定了汽车制造方负责，由此在第五段引出全文的主题句:Who is responsible for the operation of such
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vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. 下面就此展开陈述。所以：自动化驾驶：谁的责任可以概括全文，充当本文题目，故选A。
【考点】考查主旨大意。 20.【2017·天津卷】D
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup required a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.
51. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ___________. A. keep ourselves busy B. get absent-minded
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C. grow anxious D. stay focused
52. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait? A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control. B. The Forced Wait makes people passive. C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions. D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain. 53. What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait? A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait. B. It doesn’t always bring the desired result. C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait. D. It doesn’t give people faith and hope.
54. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting? A. Take it seriously. B. Don’t rely on others. C. Do something else. D. Don’t lose heart.
55. The author supports his view by _________. A. exploring various causes of “waits”. B. describing detailed processes of “waits”. C. analyzing different categories of “waits” D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过介绍三种不同种类的等待来论述我们花费大量的时间来等待而且说明自己的观点，充满希望和信念去等待。
51.【答案】B
【解析】根据第二段的句子During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. 可知我们在等待一壶水煮开的时候我们总是心不在焉的。故选B。
【考点】考查细节理解。 52.【答案】A
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【考点】考查细节理解。 53.【答案】B
【解析】根据第四段的句子which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.可知等待你的好运不一定意味着就会发生，即不一定带来渴望的结果 。故选B。
【考点】考查细节理解。 54.【答案】D
【解析】根据第最后一段中The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. .。可以判断出当我们下一次等待的时候我们不要绝望即不要灰心。故选D。
【考点】考查细节理解。 55.【答案】C
【考点】考查标题判断。 21.【2017·浙江卷】A
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days , a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the catbegan to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings （版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington retured for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had
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done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape (风景) painting.Wiliams ,a well-known painter,came to see him work . Wiliams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home .The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little,having been a poor student.But he later said,”Those two books were my companions by day,and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
21. What is the text mainly about? A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 22. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A. The cat would be closely watched. B. The cat would get some medical care. C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A. He took him to see painting exhibitions. B. He provided him with painting materials. C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D. He taught him how to make engravings.
24. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________. A. master the use of paints B. appreciate landscape paintings C. get to know other painters D. make up his mind to be a painter
【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的
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经历。
21．C 中心思想题，文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定成为一名画家之前的生活经历，故选C.
23.B细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings”, 可知Pennington为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B.
24.D细节理解题，根据最后一段“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist, 可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D.
【考点】考查记叙文阅读 22.【2017·浙江卷】B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
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Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases. C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep. 26. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day? A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 18 hours. 27. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon? A. They are affected by certain body chemicals. B. They tend to do things that excite them. C. They follow their parents’ examples. D. They don’t need to go to school early.
【解析】本文属于调查报告，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段需要不同的睡眠时间，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。
26.C细节理解题，根据第二段“For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal”, 所以11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C.
27.B细节理解题，根据第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep”,所以她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B.
【考点】考查议论文类阅读 23.【2017·浙江卷】C
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language
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skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy.
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.
Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.
28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian. C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians. 29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________. A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools 30. What do we know about Cojochru? A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.
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B. She enjoys learning the Italian language. C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job. D. She wishes to go back to her home country.
【解析】本文属于议论文，首先向我们呈现出这样一种现象：一位叫Svetlana Cojochru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来民进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cojochru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
28.A细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test„”可知，Cojochru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A.
30.C细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,even though she ‘s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently”可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作，故选C.
【考点】考查议论文类阅读 24.【2017·江苏卷】 B
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Adrances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their errs, when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—around that served as their regular “feed me!” call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls
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produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their errs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.” As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?” Kleindorfer asks.” Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”
58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”. A. be the worst B. be the best good
59.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?
A. Similarities between the calls moms and chicks. B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals. D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which . A. can receive quality signals C. fit the environment better 【答案】58.B 59.A 60.C
【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了科技新发现：鸟儿在孵化前母鸟便教它们识别声音了，母亲呼唤它们的鸟蛋越频繁，则它们的孩子越会发出相似的声音；鸟儿的声音越像它们的母亲，则他们获得的食物奖励就越多。
58．B词义猜测题。根据第一段将人类婴儿与鸟进行了对比，“but”前讲出生前人的辨别声音的能力强，后讲As recently reported in The Auk: nitlogical Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch.可知，一些母鸟在幼鸟孵化之前就教它们的孩子学唱歌了；该句位于划线词所在句中的下句，说明鸟儿胎教一贯传统和特点和效果；据此可以判断，在胎教方面，鸟儿的表现是最好的，推测“rule the roost”意为“be the best”，故选D项。
B. are in need of training D. make the loudest call
C. be the as bad D. be just as
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60. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food”和最后一段“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟、孩子。
【考点】考查科普说明文阅读 25.【2017·江苏卷】C
A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would
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become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if governments don’t wants a data economy by a few giants, they must act soon.
61.Why is there a call to break up giants? A. They have controlled the data market. data.
C. They no longer provide free services. giants.
62.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate? A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive. data firms
C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position. services or products
63.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could . A. kill a new threat
B. avoid the size trap
D. Data can be turned into new
B. Google’s idea is popular among
D. They dismissed some new-born
B. They collect enormous private
C. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices
64.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data? A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
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B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure. C. Consumers could better protect their privacy. D. Small companies could get more opportunities. 【答案】61.A 62. C 63.B 64.D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了数据信息垄断企业的发展导致的后果以及反垄断的措施、对反对数据垄断的未来展望。
61．A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants（巨头）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.和第二段第一句Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.可知，人们呼吁打破垄断的原因是因为数据信息垄断机构控制了数据市场，故选A项。注意B项中private data，文中并没有提到私人数据，是易错项。
63.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.”可知，以前介入的标准是看公司的规模，而现在是把数据库的范围考虑在内。
64.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段
“Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold
and how many money they make from it. Governments... with users’ consent.”可知，由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。
【考点】考查科普说明文阅读 26.【2017·江苏卷】D Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and
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more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连体) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Fllods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mobammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schoods, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating conmetivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang. Nophel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Nophel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000mof water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norhel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
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Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peni, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank has included the project on its of ‘100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies . A. adaptation is an ever-changing process time
C. global warming affects adaptation forms challenging
66.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project? A. The project receives government support. each other.
C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation. D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.
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B. the cost of adaptation varies with
D. adaptation to climate change is
B. Different organizations work with
2018年高考英语二轮复习精品资料
67.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming? A. Storing ice for future use. melting.
C. Changing the irrigation time. glaciers.
68.What do we learn from the Peru example? A. White paint is usually safe for buildings. be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly. global warming.
69.According to the author, polluting industries should . A. adapt to carbon pollution
B. plant highly profitable crops
D. Sunlight reflection may relieve
B. The global warming tread cannot
D. Postponing the melting of the
B. Protecting the glaciers from
C. leave carbon emission alone D. fight against carbon pollution
70.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming? A. setting up a new standard. C. Adapting to climate change.
B. Reducing carbon emission.
D. Monitoring polluting industries.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. A 68.D 69.D 70. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地应对全球变暖的方法。
65．A词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.可知，我们并不是在讨论适应一个新的标准，而是在不断变化的条件下；据此可以判断，适应环境就是适应不断变化的过程，故选D项。
66. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.”可知，Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。
67. A 细节理解题。根据第五段“Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. ”可知，把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。
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69. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense”可知，作者不赞成“我们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了”这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。
70. B推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知，作者认为，最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的排放。
【考点】环保类短文阅读 一、
What are the chances of a 100yearold chocolate candy falling in your treat bag this Halloween？Though Goo Goo Clusters may not be as familiar as Kit Kat or Hershey bars，people of all ages have enjoyed this Southern staple(产品)for an entire century.
In 1901，a 19yearold named Howell Campbell opened a candy store in Nashville，Tennessee.He made all kinds of sweets and hard candies with just two copper kettles and about a dozen employees.Then，in 1912，he made the first candy to combine chocolate with other ingredients such as caramel，marshmallow nougat，and peanuts.Originally，these clusters were handwrapped and sold under the counter at a few local stores with a sign reading，“A nourishing lunch for a nickel.” Now，they are known as Goo Goo Clusters.Nearly 20，000 of these chocolate treats are made per hour in a factory in Nashville.
What else makes a Goo Goo so special？“In addition to it being the very firstever combination confection created，its shape also makes it quite unique，” says Beth Sachan，Goo Goo Clusters' senior marketing manager.“The Goo Goo Cluster is a big，imperfectly round mound of deliciousness！”
The 100th anniversary of the Goo Goo Cluster is being celebrated throughout the month of October，the biggest candyselling month of the year.About 40 restaurants in the Nashville area have created unique desserts inspired by Goo Goo Clusters to serve to their customers.
Additionally，a Goo Goosponsored race called the “Jog'n Hog” was held in Nashville on October 13.Adults and children ran three miles to the finish line after eating at least one of six Goo Goo Clusters from a bag they were given at the halfway point.A golden Goo Goo was hidden in one of the bags.The winner received a $100
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gift certificate to the candy's website，googoo.com.After the race，a scavenger hunt was held throughout the city.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一个世纪以来一直受人们欢迎的巧克力食品——Goo Goo Clusters。文章涉及该产品的起源、发展和特点以及百年纪念活动。
1．We can learn from the first paragraph that Goo Goo Clusters________. A．are much better than other candies B．look like Kit Kat and Hershey bars C．have been popular to the customers D．will be sold out by this Halloween
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...people of all ages have enjoyed this Southern staple for an entire century.”可知，一个世纪以来，Goo Goo Clusters一直受人们的喜爱。
2．What's the purpose of the sign according to this passage? A．To draw more people's attention. B．To encourage people to buy the clusters. C．To make a large amount of money. D．To persuade people to eat hard candies.
2．B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的倒数第三句“Originally，these clusters were handwrapped and sold under the counter at a few local stores with a sign reading，‘A nourishing lunch for a nickel.’”，再结合下文中的文字可以推知，a sign的意图是鼓励人们去购买Goo Goo Clusters。
3．The customers would like to enjoy Goo Goo Clusters probably because of________． A．its shape and deliciousness B．its package and design C．its weight and combination D．its fair price and low cost
3．A 细节理解题。第三段中提到Goo Goo Clusters的特别之处，由此可知，是它们的形状和美味让人们喜欢吃的。
4．The 100th anniversary of the Goo Goo Cluster is being celebrated by________． A．holding a race in Nashville B．opening a lot of restaurants C．giving away many gift certificates D．offering specially designed desserts
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4．D 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句可知，大约40家饭馆制作了很特别的点心。 5．Where can we find this text? A．In a magazine on diet. B．In a textbook on history. C．In a website on culture. D．In a guidebook on tour.
5．A 推理判断题。本文的话题与食品有关，可能会在美食杂志上看到该文章。 高频词汇
confection n. 甜点，精工制作的物品 imperfectly adv. 有缺点地；不完美地 mound n. 堆；小山岗
【长难句分析】 Adults and children ran three miles to the finish line after eating at least one of six Goo Goo Clusters from a bag they were given at the halfway point.在半路上，大人和孩子们会得到一个装有6个Goo Goo Clusters的包，他们在吃掉其中的至少一个之后跑三英里到达终点。
该句为复合句。其中after是介词，引出一个介词短语说明时间；“they were given...”是定语从句，修饰a bag。
二、
A food chain is a simple way of explaining how each living thing gets its food.For example，a simple African food chain might consist of three parts：(1)trees and bushes；(2)giraffes; and(3)lions.Each link in a food chain is food for the next link.Food chains always start with plants and end with animals.
Plants are at the bottom of the food chain.Scientists call them producers，because they use light energy from the sun to produce food from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis (光合作用)．Animals，unlike plants，can't produce their own food.Instead，they must eat plants or other animals.This is why scientists call them consumers.
Consumer animals fall into three categories.Herbivores eat only plants.Carnivores eat only other animals.Omnivores eat both plants and animals.In addition to producers and consumers，there are also decomposers.These organisms，such as bacteria and fungi，feed on decaying matter.They help the food chain by speeding up the decaying process that releases minerals back into the soil to be absorbed by plants as nutrients.
Most food chains have only four or five links in them.As you go up a food chain，the amount of energy at each level diminishes，because some of the energy is lost in the form of waste or is used up by the organism at that
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level.That is why it takes many plants，for example，to feed a few giraffes who in turn feed one lion.
Most animals are part of many different food chains，because they must eat more than one type of food to satisfy their energy needs.All of these interconnected food chains form a more complex structure called a food web.Humans，for example，are at the center of a very complex food web，because we tend to eat many different types of plants and animals.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以食物链为话题，分析说明了自然界中动植物相互依存的关系，并提出了食物链中的主体——食草动物、食肉动物和草肉皆食动物。
1．Which of the following tells us the African food chain? A．Trees，giraffes and lions live on one another. B．Giraffes eat lions and lions feed on bushes. C．Lions live on giraffes and giraffes eat trees. D．Bushes live on lions and lions eat giraffes.
1．C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的最后两句“Each link in a food chain is food for the next link.Food chains always start with plants and end with animals.”可知，非洲食物链的依存关系。
2．In the second paragraph，the author is mainly to________． A．emphasize the importance of the plants B．compare the plants and the animals C．present the scientists' different views D．explain the producers and consumers
2．D 主旨大意题。很明显本段中主要介绍了食物链中的生产者和消费者。 3．The underlined word “diminishes”(in Paragraph 4)probably means________． A．changes B．decreases D．disappears D．increases
3．B 词义猜测题。根据下文中的“...because some of the energy is lost in the form of waste or is used up by the organism at that level.”可以推知，该词的意思是“减少”。
4．Those that may lie in the centre of the food chain are______． A．the omnivores B．the decomposers C．the herbivores D．the carnivores
4．A 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句和最后一段作者所列举的例子可知，既食草又食肉的动物位于食物链的核心。
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5．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The types of plants and animals B．The differences among the living things C．Three categories of the consumers D．The food chain in the natural world
5．D 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了大自然中的食物链。 高频词汇
herbivore n. [动] 食草动物 carnivore n. [动] 食肉动物
omnivore n. [动] 杂食动物；不偏食的人 interconnect v. 互相联系
【长难句分析】 Most animals are part of many different food chains，because they must eat more than one type of food to satisfy their energy needs.大多数动物是许多不同食物链的一部分，因为它们不只吃一种食物以满足自己的能量需求。
该句为复合句。句中because引导原因状语从句。另外，more than one意为“许多”；satisfy意为“使满足”。
三、
Most cell phone companies design models especially for kids.But parents are usually the ones buying the phones，and paying the bill.According to a July 2012 study，56% of parents of children aged 8 to 12 have given their children a cell phone.According to a recent YouthBeat survey，12 is the magic number.It is the most common age for kids to get their first cell phone.But 13% of children aged 6 to 10 already have one.That's more than one out of every 10 kids.
Procell phone people，including many parents，note that cell phones help kids keep in touch with their friends and families.They believe that cell phones are an important tool in an emergency.Kids can stay connected with their parents at all times，whether it's to ask for a ride home from soccer practice or to receive a goodluck text message moments before a big game.Plus，some cell phones designed for kids can be controlled with settings that allow the phone to only be used in parentapproved ways.What's the harm in that?
But other people are worried about the health and safety effects of kids' cell phones.They believe that pluggedin kids could be missing out on other activities，such as playing outside or hanging out with friends，and that sending text messages or fielding phone calls while doing homework is bad for concentration.They say that
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kids are spending too much time texting instead of talking to each other.“Our brains evolved to communicate face to face，” says Gary Small，a professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine，in California.“A lot of this is lost with texting.”
And some experts are also concerned about possible health risks.They worry that radiation—or energy waves—released by cell phones could be harmful to young people.To be safe，many pediatricians advise limiting talk time.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。根据最新的一项调查表明，现在大多数孩子都携带手机，并介绍了人们对孩子携带手机的两种不同观点和看法，对此专家给出了一些建议。
1．The recent YouthBeat survey suggests that________. A．the number twelve can bring us good luck B．most kids are eager to have their own cell phones C．many kids have their first cell phone at the age of 12 D．more than half of the parents can afford to buy cell phones
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的倒数第二句“It is the most common age for kids to get their first cell phone.”可知，许多孩子在12岁的时候开始拥有自己的第一部手机。
2．Procell phone people probably refer to those who think that kids________. A．mustn't own cell phones B．should have cell phones C．had better make more friends D．may lose touch with others
3．What would be the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The disadvantages of cell phones. B．Cell phones designed for kids. C．The kinds of cell phones. D．How to send text messages.
3．A 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的第一句“But other people are worried about the health and safety effects of kids' cell phones.”可知，该段主要介绍了孩子携带手机的坏处。
4．According to Gary Small，cell phones________.
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A．waste us a lot of money B．are of great benefit to many kids C．bring much pleasure to most of the kids D．reduce kids' facetoface communication
4．D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后他所说的话语可知，他的观点表明携带手机会减少孩子们面对面的交流。
5．The author's attitude toward the fact that kids have cell phones is________. A．supportive B．objective C．negative D．optimistic
高频词汇
hang out with 与„„出去玩；与„„闲逛 plugin adj. 可插入插头的
evolve v. 发展，进展；进化；逐步形成
【长难句分析】 Kids can stay connected with their parents at all times，whether it's to ask for a ride home from soccer practice or to receive a goodluck text message moments before a big game.不管是在足球训练后要求接回家，还是在一场大型的比赛之前收到一条祝愿好运的短信，孩子们能一直和父母保持联系。
该句为复合句。句中whether...or...连接让步状语从句，意为“无论是„„还是„„”。另外，stay connected with为“和„„保持联系”之意。
四、
If you're shopping around for a new laptop to start the year off right，consider one of these following picks for budgetconscious students.
For Chatty Cathys
Sony's 15.5”VAIO E Series laptop($399.99)has a secondgeneration Intel Core i32370M processor，4GB of system memory(RAM)and 500GB hard drive.Built into the machine is an HD webcam to make it easy to have a video chat with family and friends.And while the camera has a microphone，integrated Bluetooth means you can also wear a headset for even clearer audio.This Windows 7 Home Premium laptop also includes a DVD burner，ACID Music Studio and more.
Math blaster
Students studying math or statistics or business might appreciate a laptop with a dedicated numeric keypad
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along the righthand side of the keyboard.That's what you'll find in Toshiba's satin black 15.6inch Satellite laptop($399.99)．You'll also find one USB 3.0 and 2 USB 2.0 ports.This entrylevel PC has a secondgen Intel Core i32370M processor，4GB of system memory and 500GB hard drive.
Personalize that PC
If you've got a bit more cash to spend，the newest Dell Inspiron 15R($499.99)delivers a lot of bang for the buck.You get 6GB of system memory，500GB hard drive.But students might also like the option to change up its look.While the laptop comes standard in silver，you can personalize it with additional lids for $30 a piece(e.g.red，blue or pink)．Other highlights include Bluetooth.
Bigger is better
Especially if it's going to be used primarily as a desktop replacement，a larger screen laptop is the way to go.For $449.99 you can pick up a 17.3inch HP Pavilion laptop，with a goodlooking LEDbacklit highdefinition widescreen display(1，600 × 900 resolution)ideal for movies，games and photos.This computer houses a secondgen Intel Core i3 processor，4GB of system memory，500GB hard drive，DVD burner，and more.
【语篇导读】 文章介绍了四款适合学生使用的笔记本电脑，包括它们各自的配置和价格，特别是其功能和用途。
1．If you often have video chats with others，you'd better buy________. A．Dell Inspiron 15R
B．17.3inch HP Pavilion laptop C．Toshiba's 15.6inch Satellite laptop D．Sony's 15.5”VAIO E Series laptop
1．D 推理判断题。见第一款电脑介绍：For Chatty Cathy，通过索尼笔记本的介绍可知，该款笔记本适合视频聊天。
2．Toshiba's satin black 15.6inch Satellite laptop is different from others in that________. A．it has three USB ports B．its hard drive is 500GB C．its system memory is 4GB D．it has a larger keyboard
3．In order to buy a computer with lids you have to pay at least________.
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A．$399.99 B．$449.99 C．$529.99 D．$499.99
3．C 细节理解题。在对戴尔电脑的介绍中可以发现，该款电脑外观有可以更换的颜色，比如有红色、蓝色、粉红等，那么根据其价格情况，至少要花费$529.99(499.99＋30)。
4．You would like to buy a 17.3inch HP Pavilion laptop probably because________. A．it's much cheaper than other laptops B．you enjoy watching movies online C．its appearance can change as you like D．it is fairy easy for everyone to operate
4．B 推理判断题。根据对惠普电脑的第四款介绍可知，该款电脑的特点是屏幕大，你想购买该款电脑是因为你喜欢看网络电影。
5．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The development of technology B．Several school laptops for students C．The changes of the modern computers D．The future laptops for the young generation 5．B 主旨大意题。本文为学生介绍了几款电脑。 高频词汇
pick n. 选择；精华 v. 选择；采；剔除 budgetconscious adj. 精打细算的 audio adj. 声音的；录音的
【长难句分析】 Students studying math or statistics or business might appreciate a laptop with a dedicated numeric keypad along the righthand side of the keyboard.学习数学或者统计或者贸易的学生可能欣赏这样的掌上电脑，它带有专门的带有右手键盘的数字小键盘。
该句为简单句。句子主语是students，之后的studying...是现在分词短语作后置定语；a laptop是句子宾语，之后with引出的介词短语，作后置定语。
五、
Driving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting yet nerve racking.I had never been to such an amazing national park before yet I wasn't the most athletic person so I knew that I couldn't stick through all the hiking up and down.It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience.
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The ride there was definitely long but worth it.As I woke up from my nap，I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams.The trails were made nicely for visitors.The waterfalls were breathtaking with capturing views.Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts.Even though I fell a couple of times，I still had a lot of fun.The fact that my family and I spent so much time together all trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together.
The great thing about nature is that，it's just you，the views，and the people around you.There's nothing there to bother you and it's the best way to relax and enjoy yourself.Yosemite has 5 of the world's highest waterfalls，and about 300 lakes.The structure of each mountain is incredible，it's formed in ways that literally take your breath away.Some of them are a deep dark color with waterfalls forming，some are formed with spots of green peeking out.It's definitely something you wouldn't want to miss.The park also has 67 mammalian species with a variety of different types of animals that roam around you.
Yosemite isn't the only great National Park but based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends.It's a great time to bond，laugh，and take in what Mother Nature has to offer.
【语篇导读】 文章作者结合自己的亲身体验，介绍了游览约塞米蒂国家公园愉快而又难忘的经历。作者建议人们尽可能多出去享受大自然的风光和美丽。
1．The author writes the first paragraph mainly to________. A．offer an example to us
B．introduce the topic of this passage C．describe a national park
D．tell us his/her future plan for hiking
2．While climbing up rocks，the author was________. A．worried B．injured C．puzzled D．pleased
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“...I still had a lot of fun.”可知，作者在爬山的过程中感到很高兴。
3．What interested the author most in the National Park? a．The forms of the mountains.
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b．The color of the waterfalls. c．The different species. d．The animals around you. e．The hunters here and there.
A．a，b，c B．b，c，e C．a，c，d D．a，d，e
3．C 细节理解题。文章第三段介绍了公园里美好的景色，其中包括山的形状、物种的多样性、周围的动物。
4．In the author's opinion，Yosemite________. A．is worth travelling to B．is made up of some hills C．is not the most beautiful park D．is crowded with visitors every day
4．A 推理判断题。作者在游览约塞米蒂国家公园的时候感到很愉快，还介绍了很多美丽的景色。由此可知，作者认为这里值得游览。特别是在最后一段，作者更是极力向读者推荐此处景观。
5．The author suggests us________. A．trying to protect the environment B．visiting Yosemite now and then C．keeping a good bond with other people D．going out to enjoy the beauty of nature
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