雅思阅读-练习十七
(总分:31.00,做题时间:90分钟)
一、Passage 1
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二、Questions 1-3
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
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1.The main topic discussed in the text is
A.the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.
B.the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.
C.a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.
D.a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.
(分数:1.00)
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析:[解析] 这道题目是关于文章主题的,很难定位,一般都是放到最后来做。但是本文我们可以直接通过文章的标题来确定这道题目的答案:Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers,首先肯定是与对抗闪电有关的,直接排除A和B,将范围缩小到C和D,C和D的主要区别在于究竟文章是描述了多种方法还是一种激光技术,很明显题目中有Lasers,答案确定为D。通过阅读文章第二段,同样可以确定本题的答案。
A项和B项都出自第一段,是引出文章的内容,不可能是主题。C项比较具有迷惑性,但忽略了laser这一重要的技术基础。
2.According to the text, every year lightning
A.does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.
B.kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.
C.kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.
D.damages more than 100 American power companies.
(分数:1.00)
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析:[解析] 这是一道充满陷阱的题目,出题者煞费苦心地为考生挖出了三个陷阱,考生需要做的是一一识破这些陷阱,选出正确答案。A项似乎是关键词与原文匹配最少的一项,但却是没有问题的一项,文中提到了there is damage to property too,而且还举了例子说这种损坏有多大:more than $100 million a year,A项中does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms 能够反映原文的内容。这道题目其他各个选项同样都像正确答案,如果对答案没有信心,也可以逐一排除。
[干扰项] B项说闪电在美国主要杀死或伤害高尔夫球手,这种说法是没有依据的,这如果是一个选择题,那么答案一定是NOT GIVEN,因为文中提到了每年美国有很多人(约500)被闪电劈死或击伤,也说了高尔夫球手比较容易被击中,但是并没有说这些死者或伤者里主要是以高尔夫球手为主,也可能是登山者呢?也可能是冲浪者呢?选了这一项说明考生对两个并无关系的事实自行加上了关系。C项说闪电在全球杀死或伤害500人左右,文中说的是在美国杀死或伤害500人左右,范围不一致。D项说闪电毁坏100多家美国电力公司,文中说的是$100 million的损失,这个区别比较明显。
3.Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New Mexico
A.receive funds from the same source.
B.are using the same techniques.
C.are employed by commercial companies.
D.are in opposition to each other.
(分数:1.00)
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析:[解析] 分别找出University of Florida和University of New Mexico出现的地方,就能发现这两个学校的研究者都是由叫做EPRI的组织提供资金支持的。
[干扰项] 本题其他选项的干扰性不大。
三、Questions 4-6
Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
(总题数:3,分数:3.00)
4.EPRI receives financial support from 1.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:power companies)
解析:[解析] 非常简单的题目,只要通过题目的EPRI和financial support定位到原文,就可以找到答案。这道题目需要知道fund作为动词有“融资、提供资金支持”的意思。
5.The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used 1.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:safely)
解析:[解析] 题目问狄尔斯的技术优势,通过Diels定位到原文,不难发现他的技术优势其实就是安全,而且被专门强调。
6.The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its
1.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:size)
解析:[解析] 这道题目是在问激光器存在的主要问题,我们可以直接通过小标题a stumbling block定位到第七段,从no nifty portable可以得知激光器的体积是主要问题,即使不知道no nifty portable的意思也没关系,后面一句中的cut down the size同样能找到答案,而且是原词。
四、Questions 7-10
略
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五、Questions 11-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
(总题数:3,分数:3.00)
7.Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:NO)
解析:[解析] 题目说电力公司已经给了狄尔斯足够的钱,通过money定位到文中的$5 million和cannot say I have money yet,从前后两句话都能够较容易地看出狄尔斯的系统还没有钱。
8.Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:YES)
解析:[解析] 题目陈述的是实战试验决定是否可以赚到钱,文中伯恩斯坦自己也说了:I cannot say I have money yet以及the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point,即是说我还没有钱,但实战试验是个转折。后面也提到了他预计试验成功后可能带来的价值,与题目陈述的相符。
9.Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:NOT GIVEN)
解析:[解析] 题目说天气预报者对狄尔斯的系统有强烈的兴趣,文中涉及天气预报的
只有第九段,说的是狄尔斯希望通过技术控制天气,没有提到天气预报者对此是何态度,完全是无中生有,判断为NOT GIVEN。
六、Passage 2
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七、Questions 14-18
Choose FIVE letters, A-K. Write the correct letters in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
(总题数:1,分数:1.00)
10.NB Your answers may be given in any order.
Below are listed some popular beliefs about genius and giftedness. Which FIVE of these beliefs are reported by the writer of the text?
A Truly gifted people are talented in all areas.
B The talents of geniuses are soon exhausted.
C Gifted people should use their gifts.
D A genius appears once in every generation.
E Genius can be easily destroyed by discouragement.
F Genius is inherited.
G Gifted people are very hard to live with.
H People never appreciate true genius.
I Geniuses are natural leaders.
J Gifted people develop their greatness through difficulties.
K Genius will always reveal itself.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:B C F H J)
解析:[解析] 这是一道比较特殊的题目,要求把文中提到的内容都选出来。这道题目的原文全部集中在第二段,原文中作者一口气列举了13个有关天才的普遍信条,答案中有5个是被提及的,只要把提到的选出即可。其中:
B项The talents of geniuses are soon exhausted.对应that prodigies burn too brightly too soon and burn out;
C项Gifted people should use their gifts. 对应that people with gifts have a
responsibility to use them;
F项Genius is inherited. 对应that some races are more intelligent or musical or mathematical than others, inherit意为:“遗传”;
H项People never appreciate true genius. 对应that genius goes unrecognized and unrewarded;
J项Gifted people develop their greatness through difficulties. 对应that adversity makes men wise, adversity, 意为“逆境”。如果个别陌生词汇影响了判断,也可以通过排除法,看看哪几个选项文中提到,直接画去,剩下的就是提及的。
八、Questions 19-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
(总题数:8,分数:8.00)
11.Nineteenth-century studies of the nature of genius failed to take into account the uniqueness of the person's upbringing.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:TRUE)
解析:[解析] 首先通过nineteenth-century studies定位到第三段,再通过upbringing定位到第四句。文中提到we must also take into account information from other historical sources about how common or exceptional these were at the time,其中的these指的就是early illnesses,methods of upbringing,schooling,etc.意思是我们也要把关于天才的以上这些成长背景考虑进去,那么显然19世纪的研究是没有把这些问题考虑进去的。题目的描述正是对第三段的一个推论和简化改写,判断为TRUE,这一点也可以通过理解第三段其他的句子来验证。
12.Nineteenth-century studies of genius lacked both objectivity and a proper scientific approach.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:TRUE)
解析:[解析] 题目以both…and…的结构说19世纪的研究同时缺乏objectivity(客观性)和scientific approach(科学方法),我们就要在文中找到objectivity和scientific出现的地方。
与第19题一样,首先通过nineteenth-century studies定位到第三段,文中出现这两个词的地方在第三段最后一句,说的是20世纪可以more objective就是在20世纪解决了之前不客观的问题,但仍然没有解决不科学的问题。那么在19世纪呢?肯定是既不客观又不科学,也就是与题目所陈述的一样,判断为TRUE。
13.A true genius has general powers capable of excellence in any area.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:FALSE)
解析:[解析] 这道题目比较容易答错,因为仅根据关键词定位到第四段第四句的话,题目的说法是对的,正是Dr Samuel Johnson的说法,但是原文下一句话紧接着出现了disagree和doubt等关键词否定了这一说法,最终的判断是FALSE。
在判断题中,当定位到原文中的某个句子未对题目进行判断时,要留意前后文(尤其是后文),看有没有but,however,doubt等表示转折的字眼否定前一句的说法,如果有的话,一般要以转折后的意思为判断依据。
14.The skills of ordinary individuals are in essence the same as the skills of prodigies.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:TRUE)
解析:[解析] 题目说天才的技能在实质上与常人的技能相同,将原文简化(提出核心内容)后可以得到:achievements of prodigies are the manifestations of skills which are similar to our own,即在天才的成就中表现出的技能与我们的相同。至于but so much superior to则可以忽略,毕竟题目中也有in essence(在本质上)的说法,不管高超不高超,本质是一样的。
15.The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted
fails to lessen their significance.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:TRUE)
解析:[解析] 这道题目难度非常大,因为无论是题目还是原文都非常难理解,即使看翻译都觉得抽象。实际上原文是在说,常人的大脑和天才的大脑在本质上是一样的,天才的发明常人也能理解,就像大家都知道苹果会落地是因为地球引力一样,大家都知道地球引力并不代表发现地球引力的牛顿所做的事情不伟大,毕竟是他发现的,只是他做得比我们好而已(是他发现的而我们只是理解并运用)。题目也是这个意思,是说天才的伟大发明其实已经融人到大家的生活中了,人们觉得这是理所当然的,并不会每天都感觉到这些发明的伟大(例如你不会每天开灯的时候都在心里默念:哇!感谢爱迪生,你让大家拥有了光明!),但是这并不能抹杀这些发明的重要性。
16.Giftedness and genius deserve proper scientific research into their true nature so that all talent may be retained for the human race.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:NOT GIVEN)
解析:[解析] 这道题目在原文找不到非常合适的定位,但文中最后一段提到了天赋和资质不能用实际存在的物质做相关解释,至于天赋是否能为人类所保留,则没有提及,判断为NOT GIVEN。
17.Geniuses often pay a high price to achieve greatness.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:TRUE)
解析:[解析] 这道题目比较简单,只要将题目的关键词pay a high price与原文中price they may have paid对应上,即可做出判断。
18.To be a genius is worth the high personal cost.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:NOT GIVEN)
解析:[解析] 我们很难给这道题定位,因为这道题目所说的内容在文中根本没有涉及,唯一能够找到与high personal cost相符的原文就是第六段最后一句。但是文中既没有说一个人付出了这些代价就能成为天才,也没有说要成为天才是值得付出这些代价的。这道题目是NOT GIVEN。
九、Passage 3
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十、Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraph B-G from the list below.
(总题数:1,分数:6.00)
i The biological clock
ii Why dying is beneficial
iii The ageing process of men and women
iv Prolonging your life
v Limitations of life span
vi Modes of development of different species
vii A stable life span despite improvements
viii Energy consumption
ix Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and organisms
x Repair of genetic material
(分数:6.00)
(1).Our 'dead' products are 'static', closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes 'older'. Ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way.(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:ix)
解析:[解析] B段一开头就提到了物体与生物的变老过程,所谓开头的“dead”是指“不会动的东西”,就是静物,之后提到了生物。虽然物体和生物都是在按照自然规律变老,但其结果和表现是不同的。符合这个意思的只有ix项。
(2).Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions. Immortality would disturb this system--it needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution.(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:ii)
解析:[解析] 这道题目有一定难度,要选出答案需要认识immortality这个单词,意思是“永生”。文中说永生是有碍于进化系统的,反过来,死亡就是有益于生物界进化的,文中也说了,只有旧的物种死了,才能给新的物种更多的生存空间。因此选ii。如果不认识immortality这个单词,就只能靠对前后文的理解来选择答案了。
[干扰项] x项对本题目有一定干扰性,因为C段第一句话即出现了repair。但是第一句只是引出下文,整段的意思还是在说物种的新旧更替,旧物种不断灭亡,新物种取代旧物种。Although more and more people attain an
(3).advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for most remains 80 years.(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:vii)
解析:[解析] 这一段主要讲每一个物种的寿命是固定的,并举了人类作为例子,提到了医疗技术和营养学虽然有了很大发展,但大多数人们的寿命的上限仍然在80岁。vii项提到了a stable life span,即生命的长度是固定的,despite improvements,即无论(医学、营养)怎样改善发展,符合D段的意思。
[干扰项] vi项可能被误选,因为vi项中的different species在D段第一句就出现了,不过读懂第一句会发现重点在but后边,每一个物种的parameter is relatively constant(寿命都是相对不变的),反而是vii项与之相符。而且Vi项中的modes根本就没有提到。
(4).If a life span is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to propose the existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the ageing process and which finally determines death as the last step in a fixed programme.(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:i)
解析:[解析] E段第一句就提出了biological clock的概念,直接可以对应到i项,整段内容也是围绕biological clock展开的。
(5).Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much longer than those which are always active.(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:viii)
解析:[解析] 这一段前半部分是讲动物的能量消耗与寿命的关系的,后半部分拿女人因为消耗少所以比男人活得长举例,其实都是在说energy consumption。不一定要定位到上述原文,整段其实都能找到线索。
[干扰项] 这道题目的干扰项是iii项:The ageing process of men and women。凡是选这一项的考生要注意,你犯了heading题中以偏概全的错误。男人和女人只是说energy consumption的一个例子,并不是整段的核心内容,在选择段落标题时,一定要选择大的,而不是小的;要选整体,而不是细节。
(6).It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life.
Experience will show that to live in this way not only increases the life span but is also very healthy.(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:iv)
解析:[解析] 本段是在说如何延长人类的寿命,多次出现了如上文中的extend life和
increases the life span等表示延长寿命的词组,答案是iv。
十一、Questions 33-36
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
(总题数:3,分数:4.00)
Objects age in accordance with principles of (33) and of (34)
(分数:2.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:physical chemistry)
解析:
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:thermodynamics)
解析:[解析] 通过objects定位到B段,很容易找到ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics这句话,这道题目简单的地方在于题目与原文的结构都完全相同,直接照搬过来就可以了。
19.Through mutations, organisms can (35) better to the environment
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:adapt)
解析:[解析] 通过mutations定位到原文,再找到better adaptation to the environmental conditions,即更好地适应环境,但题目中在空格前出现了情态动词can,则这里应填写adaption的原形adapt。
20. (36) would pose a serious problem for the theory of evolution (分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:immortality)
解析:[解析] 这道题的难点在于immortality这个单词可能很多人都不认识,意为“长生不死”,但即使不认识这个单词也并不影响答题,通过词性我们可以判断其为名词,姑且称之为“I现象”。题目问什么会对evolution造成问题,原文说现象会打乱这个系统,并在后边说这是evolution的基本问题,那么答案肯定就是这个I现象。
有考生提问说《剑8》的参中这一个空的immortality是小写开头的,怀疑答案是否错了?为什么首字母不大写。这里提醒考生注意问题的句子最后有没有句号,没有句号的就不是完整的句子,首字母可以不大写。当然,这道题目大写首字母是不会算错的。
十二、Questions 37-40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
(总题数:3,分数:3.00)
21.The wear and tear theory applies to both artificial objects and biological systems.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:NO)
解析:[解析] 文章第一次出现wear and tear theory是在A段,但A段只明确了这个理论适用于objects,同时放出了一个问题,即这个理论是否同样也适用于生物体?在B段提到了两者的不同之处,Question 27中B段的标题也是物体与生物衰老的基本差异,可以判断wear and tear theory不适用于生物体。
同时,在D段也能找到对应的证据,D段出现了against the simple wear and tear theory,也是在列举生物体不适用该理论的证据。
既然是只有物体适用而生物体不适用这个理论,答案自然是NO。
22.In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:YES)
解析:[解析] 这道题目在原文中能够找到依据,判断为YES。原文有一个假设:as long as a biological system has the ability to renew itself可以解释题目的in principle。
23.Within seven years, about 90 per cent of a human body is replaced as new.
(分数:1.00)
填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:NOT GIVEN)
解析:[解析] 这是一个纯粹无中生有的问题,它不是根据原文编写的迷惑项,而是杜撰出来的内容,这种找不到依据的陈述判断为NOT GIVEN。
YES
[解题思路] 题目陈述的内容其实就是最后一段在说的内容,通过节约能量的消耗来达到延长寿命的目的。
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