第一部分：完形填空 一、错题回顾 常错题型：1.词义不知道 2.搭配没看到3.上下文的联系没顾到4.文章或段落主旨原则没想到 5.文化背景没识别到。
二、做题时可配合以下技巧
七技巧： 研究首尾——找主题
左顾右盼——找搭配
上下联系——寻信息 语境分析——辨词义 思前想后——觅逻辑
集中精力——破难题 回读检查——补漏洞
解题思路一：识记考纲词汇常抓不懈。 例1 2010年安徽卷第53题
Finally, the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine delicate lines do not command attention next to printed text, ……
53. A. show up B. differ from C. break down D. compensate for 【解析】：根据文意，书写流畅的钢笔可以弥补不美的字体，选D项，“弥补”的意思。 例2 20114年合肥三模47题
Secondly, it doesn’t seem fair for those who get to school early. …… It is even less 47 when it is raining or snowing and students who show up to school early must walk further across the parking lot because they are not a senior.
47. A. confusing B. important C. disturbing D. considerate
【解析】根据句意，因为不是高年级学生，早到的（低年级）学生在下雨下雪天仍必须把车停在后面，这一点更加考虑不周。Considerate考虑周到的，less considerate意思是考虑不周到的，故选D。
解题思路二：找寻固定词组、常用句型或习惯用法。 例1 2010安徽卷第49题
The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. 49. A. prevent B. free C. protect D. remove
【解析】prevent sb. from doing 是固定搭配，结合句意，可知答案为A。 例2 2014年合肥三模第42题
Firstly, there is only one specific area under the light poles to which senior parking signs are 42 . 42. A. painted B. attached C. marked D. decorated 【解析】Which引导的是定语从句，它前面的介词to与attach构成固定短语be attached to “固定在……上”。根据文意“高年级停车位的标识牌固定在灯杆上”可知选B。 例3
A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second , walked into the water to ______ the table and …… A. set B. wash C. remove D. check
【解析】set the table 是固定搭配 “摆放桌子”，根据文意可知选A。
解题思路三：瞻前顾后, 谨慎选择。 例1 2011年安徽卷第36题
When I began planning to move to Auckland to study, my mother was worried about a lack of jobs and cultural difference. Ignoring these 36 , I got there in July 2010. 36. A. doubts B. concerns C. instructions D. reasons
【解析】根据上文，“my mother worried about a lack of jobs …”可知“我”忽视妈妈的担心，concern“担心”，doubt“怀疑”,可知选A。
解题思路四: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项
例1 First of all, he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to ______ six windows.
A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 【解析】根据句中cleaner可知选D。
例2 I decided then and there to make a _34_ of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to (add) more things to the list.
A. list B. book C. check D. copy 【解析】根据句中add more things to the list可知选A。
解题思路五：语篇发展 例1 2012安徽卷第52题
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be easy to use.
Then, the writing point of the pen should allow the ink to flow evenly （均匀地）while the pen remains in touch with the paper.
52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line.
52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally
【解析】根据前二段开头First of all, …… Then, …… 可知本段“最后”讲述钢笔应该能写出粗黑的线条，答案选D。
解题思路六：顺应文意逻辑, 定位选词。
例1 Geese are known to take the first living thing they see as their mother. ____, to these young geese, the girl was their mother.
A. But B. Also C. Thus D. Still
【解析】根据上一句文意可知，二句间逻辑关系是结果，所以选C。
例2 It has been many years since I was last in London, ______ I still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
【解析】根据二句文意可知，前后逻辑关系是转折，所以选C。
解题思路七：利用生活常识，文化背景。 例1 2012年安徽卷第49题
When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then, I had a（36）problem and had to go to hospital for a (37) thorough examination…….
After I explained my (48)situation to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus
would take me back into the city to my 49 .
49. A. appointment B. apartment C. direction D. station
【解析】根据第一段作者刚到芝加哥不久，需要去医院看病。后来因不熟悉路，搭乘反方向车。文化背景：在一些西方国家，看病需要提前预约。文中提到的陌生人告诉作者，街道对面的公交车可以把他带回到预约看病的地方。 例2.
Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to ______. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign
【解析】根据句意，带报纸来给他看。看报纸：read the paper。选A项。
解题思路八：围绕主旨和段意，行文逻辑推理法（多用于说明文、议论文体） 例1. 2011年安徽卷第55题
It seems that the world always 55 to you when you need it. And this time, it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing
A. turns off B. goes over C. gives back D. looks up
【解析】从表面看，这题是一道普通的固定搭配题，但是却是一道主旨升华题，它包含作者通过自己的经历，体会人生的感悟，在找工作中得到了好心人的帮助，发出感叹，在你需要帮助的时候，好心的世人会给你相应的回应。 例2. 2014年合肥三模55题
Senior parking is great if you are a senior but for the majority of the school, it is annoying. If seniors want to park in the front they should arrive at school early. There are several other 55 seniors can still have but senior parking should not be one of them.
55. A. restriction B. addition C. priorities D. responsibilities
【解析】本文作者从三个方面陈述高年级学生停车“优先”是不合理的，最后一句总结：有些优先权，高年级学生仍然可以有，但优先停车不应该是其中之一。C项意思是“优先”。
策略九：长难句分析法----找出句子主语，分析短语或从句的修饰功能。
Could the Internet be totally free and should it be? Should the Internet be regulated? The recent disorder in the Arab world 1 by a controversial video damaging the image of Prophet(先知) Muhammad shows the United States, which is busy 2 global Internet freedom, has paid a huge price 3 the lives of its diplomats.
In an unregulated Internet world, cheating, violence or rumors can 4 serious consequences. Many countries across the world are periodically suffering from “rumors” 5 by the Internet and social media.
The US-led West always promotes Internet freedom and 6 any regulation as investigation（调查）, but it should think twice if it calculates the heavy price that has been and has to be paid for “ 7 Internet”. Moreover, 8 the Internet in the West 9 to be free, with no obvious 10 and no limited sites, isn’t the structure of the main pages already hand-controlled, with selected press agencies(新闻机构) and 11 occupying clearly dominating（显著的）positions?
The Internet has helped fight injustice, 12 corruption in places so far apart as Indonesia, India and Latin America. But the Internet could be extremely 13 as well. Various racist or separatist organizations are using their Internet sites to 14 strong feelings. Those who are
spreading hate are frequently using the Internet as their tool. No country can 15 to make the Internet absolutely free.
The question is how to keep free flow of information 16 while protecting children from unhealthy works, common citizens from 17 rumors and countries from unfair and damaging propaganda(宣传) attacks. And who sets the limits ?
The 18 is that there will never be a perfect system. Every country will have to 19 its own system, based on its culture, social 20 and the degree of danger it’s facing.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
A. led A. helping A. for A. bring A. spread A. supports A. free A. as if A. happens A. interruption A. programs A. uncover A. beneficial A. increase A. refuse A. unpolluted A. harmful A. importance A. develop A. trends
试题分析：本文是一篇议论文，议论中心是网络能不能，应不应该完全自由，作者提出以美国为首的西方国家宣称的网络自由，但这种自由事实上是受限制的。
【小题1】考查动词：A. led带领，B. caused 导致，C. damaged 破坏，D. attacked 袭击，本句意思是最近阿拉伯世界的混乱是有由一部有争议的视频引起的，故选B项。 对点解题思路三：瞻前顾后, 谨慎选择。
【小题2】考查动词：A. helping 帮助，B. processing 加工，C. promoting 促进是；提升；推销；发扬，D. improving 改进，此处指美国忙着推广全球的网络自由。promoting故选C项。
对点解题思路八：围绕主旨和段意，行文逻辑推理法。
【小题3】考查介词：A. for 为了，B. at 在……地方，C. with 和……一起，D. off 离开，（这种自由）是它用外交官的生命作为代价的。故选C项。 对点解题思路三：瞻前顾后, 谨慎选择。
【小题4】考查动词：A. bring 带来，B. reach 到达，C. fetch 去拿，去取，D. take带走，
B. caused B. processing B. at B. reach B. exposed B. follows B. accessible B. even if B. intends B. matters B. strike B. useful B. decrease B. afford B. unskilled B. meaningful B. conclusion B. invent B. structures
C. damaged C. promoting C. with C. fetch C. delivered C. opposes C. available C. so that C. offers C. instructions C. prevent C. sensitive C. upset C. fail C. unoccupied C. uncomfortable C．description C. change C. life
D. attacked D. improving D. off D. take D. passed D. dislikes D. healthy D. in that D. appears D. preference D. sources D. avoid D. destructive D. strengthen D. attempt D. uninterrupted D. effective D. possibility D. study D. Factors
B. interference（干涉） C. defence
在一个没有约束的网络世界里，欺骗、暴力和谣言会带来严重的后果。选A。
【小题5】考查动词：A. spread 传播，B. exposed 暴露，C. delivered 传送，发表，D. passed 通过，很多国家都深受网络传播谣言的伤害。选A。
【小题6】考查动词：A. supports 支持，B. follows 跟随，C. opposes 反对，D. dislikes 不喜欢，以美国为首的西方国家提倡网络自由，反对任何的控制。故选C项oppose反对。 对点解题思路一：识记考纲词汇常抓不懈。
【小题7】考查形容词：A. free 自由的，B. accessible 易接近的，C. available 可获得的，D. healthy 健康的，这儿指“自由的网络”，他们会因为网络的自由付出代价。故选A项。 对点解题思路四: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项
【小题8】考查连词：A. as if 好像，B. even if 即使，C. so that 为了，D. in that 因为，这句话是长句，句意：即使西方的网络看起来是自由的，没有明显的干涉和限制性的网站，做让步状语；后故选B项。
【小题9】考查动词：A. happens 发生，B. intends 打算，C. offers 提供，D. appears 出现，似乎，从后面的句子：isn’t the structure of the main pages already hand-controlled可知西方的网络只是看起来自由，选D项。
【小题10】考查名词：A. interruption打断，B. interference干扰，干涉，C. defence保护，D. preference偏爱，没有明显的干涉和限制性的网站，选B。
【小题11】考查名词：A. programs节目，B. matters物质，C. instructions指导，D. sources资源，有精心挑选的新闻机构和资源占据显著的位置，选D。
【小题12】考查动词：A. uncover 揭示，B. strike敲打，侵袭，C. prevent阻止，D. avoid避免，揭露腐败现象。故选A
【小题13】考查形容词：A. beneficial 有利的，有益的； B. useful有用的C. sensitive敏感的； D. destructive破坏的，有害的，消极的。从下文的例子可以推断出网络具有破坏性。故选D。
对点解题思路六：顺应文意逻辑, 定位选词。 【小题14】考查名词：A. expressions表达，B. impressions印象，C. passions热情，D. affections影响，各种种族主义和分离主义在利用网络颠覆、扰乱人们的情感，故选C。 对点解题思路六：顺应文意逻辑, 定位选词。
【小题15】考查动词：A. refuse 拒绝，B. afford 负担得起，C. fail失败，D. attempt 企图，试图。没有哪个国家能付出代价使网络完全自由。故选B项。 【小题16】考查形容词：A. unpolluted 没有被污染的，B. unskilled 不熟练的，C. unoccupied 空的，未被占用的，D. uninterrupted 不被打扰的。此句是长句，句意：问题是，怎样让免费的信息流不会被打断而又你能保护孩子们远离不健康的作品、保护市民远离恶意的谣言、保护国家免受不公平的和有破坏性的攻击呢？故选D项。 对点解题思路六：顺应文意逻辑, 定位选词。
【小题17】考查形容词：A. harmful有害的，B. meaningful 有意义的，C. uncomfortable 不舒服的，D. effective 有效的，实际的，实在的。保护市民远离恶意的谣言，选A项。 对点解题思路八：围绕主旨和段意，行文逻辑推理法。
【小题18】考查名词：A. importance 的，B. conclusion 结论，C. description 描述，D. possibility 可能性，最后一段是作者的总结，所以用conclusion。选择B项。 对点解题思路五：语篇发展。 【小题19】考查动词：A. develop 发展，形成，B. invent 发明，C. change 改变，D. study 学习，每一个国家都要根据自己的文化、社会环境和面临的危险程度形成自己的体系。选A项。
对点解题思路八：围绕主旨和段意，行文逻辑推理法。
【小题20】考查名词：A. trends 趋势，B. structure 结构，C. life 生活，D. factors 因素，每一个国家都要根据自己的文化、社会环境和面临的危险程度形成自己的体系。选C项。考点：考查社会现象类。
答案：1-5BCCAA 6-10CABDB 11-15DADCB 16-20DABAC
请试做下面的一篇完形填空题
When I was a boy, we had several gardens around our old house. The largest one of all was always 1 for growing potatoes. I can still remember those wonderful days. The whole family 2 . After my dad had tilled(耕种)the 3 , my mom, brothers, and I went to work. It was my job to drop the little seed potatoes in the rows 4__ my mom dropped a little fertilizer (肥料) beside them. My brothers then 5 them all with the freshly turned earth.
Months later I would 6 the garden sometimes while I played outside and wonder what was going on under the 7 . When the harvest time came, I was 8 at the huge size of the potatoes my dad pulled out of the soil. They would be 9 into meal such as baked potatoes, fried potatoes，and my 10 ones: potatoes slowly cooked in spaghetti sauce. They would keep the entire family well 11 throughout the whole year.
12 those special times makes me wonder how many other 13 I have planted that have grown in the hearts and minds of others. How many times are the little things that I said or 14 used to grow something beautiful? 15 can these little seedlings (幼苗) provide others’ soul with sweet food just like 16 ?
Every day of our lives we step out into the 17 of this world. Every day we plant seeds that can grow into something wonderful. We may 18 see the growth that comes from the kind words or loving acts we share but someone really does. I hope then that you always 19 the garden around you with care. I hope that you
20 only goodness, peace, and compassion in the lives of everyone you meet. I hope everyday you help miracles to grow. 1. A. left B. known C. used D. made 2. A. mattered B. helped C. gathered D. sat 3. A. rock B. soil C. surface D. grass 4. A. while B. as C. when D. after 5. A. buried B. filled C. joined D. covered 6. A. glance at B. pick out C. take care of D. clean off 7. A. water B. air C. ground D. sun 8. A. upset B. amazed C. frightened D. worried 9. A. cut B. appeared C. turned D. developed 10. A. lovely B. delicious C. popular D. favorite 11. A. realized B. fed C. learned D. stayed 12. A. Thinking of B. Talking about C. Making use of D. Taking down 13. A. qualities B. vegetables C. seeds D. fruits 14.. A. performed B. did C. acted D. made 15. A. Yet B. So C. But D. And 16. A. candies B. dishes C. chocolates D. potatoes 17. A. garden B. park C. lake D. zoo 18. A. ever B. once C. never D. already 19. A. enjoy B. miss C. visit D. tend 20. A. encourage B. plant C. arrange D. prepare
[解题导语] 这是一篇记叙文。作者在成长过程中遇到一个难题，因此她征求父亲的意见，父亲给了一条作者终生受用的建议。
1．C [解题思路] 根据语境可知，“我”家周围有几个菜园，最大的那个被用来种植马铃薯。be used for…表示“被用来……”。 2．B [解题思路] 根据下文的“After my dad had tilled (耕种) the 3 , my mom，brothers，and 1 went to work．”可知，每当种植马铃薯时．全家人都会出动，在一起干活。故填B项。 3．B [解题思路] 根据下文的“My brothers then 5 them all with the freshly turned earth.”可知，“我”父亲负责翻耕土壤。till the soil表示“翻耕土壤”。
4．A [解题思路] “我”负责丢留种的马铃薯，与此同时母亲在它们旁边撤一点儿肥料。while“与……同时”，符合语境。 5．D [解题思路] 根据语境再结合常识可知，“我”的兄弟们负责给刚种下的马铃薯盖上刚翻耕过的土壤。cover…with意为“用……盖上”。
6．A [解题思路] 根据下文的”while I played outside and wonder what was going on under the 7 ”可知，“我”在外面玩耍时，眼睛时不时地会向那个菜园瞄去。glance at意为“匆匆一看，瞥一眼”。
7．C [解题思路] “我”在想土壤下面的马铃薯长成什么样子了。under the ground意为“在土壤下面”。
8．B [解题思路] 根据语境可知，看到硕大的马铃薯，“我”非常惊讶 (amazed)。
9．C [解题思路] 根据“baked potatoes，fried potatoes”可知，菜园里挖出的马铃薯变成了饭桌上的菜肴。turn…into…意为“把……变成”。
10．D [解题思路] 作者最喜欢的马铃薯做法是把土豆放在意大利面条酱里慢煮。
11．B [解题思路] 根据上文的“They would be 9 into meal such as baked potatoes, fried potatoes”及本空前面的“well”一词可知，马铃薯给我们家提供了食物保证。 12．A [解题思路] 第一段和第二段是“我”对过去的时光的回忆。每当回忆这些美好的时光，“我”总是会想“我”在别人的心中播了多少别的种子。think of“想起，记得”。 13．C [解题思路] 见上题解析。
14．B [解题思路] 根据前面的“said”可知，此空填did。that I said or did (我说的或做的)是定语从句，修饰the little things。 15．D [解题思路] 根据上文的“How many times are the little things that I said or 14 used to grow something beautiful?”及本句话可知，这两句话都是“我”的疑问，故应用And。
16．D [解题思路] 根据语境可知，“我”在想：自己在别人心中种植的幼苗也能像马铃薯一样长大并且给他们带来甜甜的食物吗?
17，A [解题思路] 根据语境尤其是第一段中的“When I Was a boy, we had several gardens around our old house.”可知，“我”把这个世界比作菜园。故填garden。
18，C [解题思路] 根据下文的“but someone really does”可知．此空填never。
19．D [解题思路] “我”希望你们总是用心地去照看这个菜园。tend意为“照顾，照看”，符合语境。
20． B [解题思路] 根据上文的“Every day we plant seeds that can grow into something wonderful．”可知，此空填plant。
第二部分：阅读理解
A
That summer an army of crickets (蟋蟀)started a war with my father. Dad didn’t care for
insects much more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few living in the basement. Mamma was a city girl and she said a cricket was just too noisy. Then to prove her point she wouldn't go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my father's cigarettes and paced between the sofa and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the store and hurried back. He sprayed poison from a jug. When he was finished he told us that was the end of it.
For a couple of weeks,we went back to find dead crickets in the laundry. He suggested that we'd all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didn't like because it scratched for no reason.
However, soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma was upset because she thought the dead crickets came back, but Dad said these were certainly new ones. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed all over until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed the basement again.
A couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, Dad emptied the basement of junk. Then he burned a lot of old newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests.
While we ate supper that evening, the wind lifted some flames onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mower's (割草) fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasn't much anyone could do.
After the fire truck left, Mamma took the others to Aunt Gail's. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt carry things out of the house and pile them by the road. We worked into the night and we didn' t talk much, while all around the noise of crickets broke our silence. 1. What do we know about the author' s mother? A. She didn't like insects at all.
B. She liked insects more than his father. C. She cared for insects very much. D. She could only tolerate a few insects.
2. The author's father drove to the store to buy _______. .
A. cigarettes for himself B. more coffee for his wife C. some poison D. Some gasoline
3. The author fed a few dozen crickets to the cat probably to _________.
A. make his mother happy B. help his mother clear away the crickets C.play with the cat D. harm the cat
4. The author's father burned the old newspapers and magazines because he thought ______． A. they were no longer useful． B. the crickets were afraid of fire C. they became the home of crickets D. the dead crickets came back to life 5. We learn from the last paragraph that _______ .
A. the author' s family lost their battle against the crickets B. the author's parents learned to put up with insects C. the author's family didn't suffer much in the fire . D. the author's parents got divorced
B
More Chinese consumers have turned to imported food and brands due to rising concerns over food safety in recent years，according to a survey by international research company Ipsos.
According to the survey, based on interviews with 2,100 respondents, 61 percent of Chinese
consumers said their confidence in domestic(国内的)food had declined in the past years, and 28 percent said they would buy more imported food or brands to replace domestic products.
Dairy products are the most purchased imported food, at 77 percent, followed by grains and oil, at 57 percent, and children’s food, at 56 percent.
In 2011, the total output of China's food industry amounted to 7. 8 trillion yuan up from 47. 3 billion yuan in 1978, according to the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology: Successive（连续的）food safety crises have become a significant factor in influencing consumer habits and behavior, with 76 percent of respondents saying that this would make them seek an alternative product. Meanwhile, the report said consumers tend to choose major, international and imported brands.
Gloria Gao, a 29-year-old office worker, said she stopped buying domestic milk brands two years ago. “Due to safety concerns, I would prefer to buy imported milk , although it's much more expensive than domestic milk，” said Gao, who recently purchased a box of German milk online. Online supermarket Yihaodian. com said sales of its imported products in June had increased fivefold year-on-year. Imported dairy products, biscuits and candies, drinks and coffee are very popular among its customers, said a statement from Yihaodian's marketing department.
An employee at a branch of high-end supermarket chain City Shop in Shanghai said, \"In the past, the majority of our customers are foreigners. But now we see more and more local residents coming here.\" She said that meat and vegetables were popular with local residents shopping at the supermarket，where more than 80 percent of the goods on sale were imported.
“You can buy cheaper vegetables in markets, but I really worry about safety. So I'd prefer to buy them at this supermarket at a higher cost,\" said a shopper.
Tim Wang, general manager of Ecolab in China, sees the issue from a positive angle. \"If Chinese companies recognize the problem and strengthen their social responsibility and improve product quality, Chinese consumers buying imported products will surely not be a trend. 6. Why have more Chinese consumers turned to imported food and brands? A. Because imported food and brands are more famous. B. Because imported food and brands have more nutrients.
C. Because people are increasingly concerned about domestic food safety. D. Because people often think the more expensive, the better quality. 7. Which of the following is the second most purchased imported food? A. Dairy products. B. Children’s food. C. Grains and oil. D. Biscuits and candies.
8. What attitude do ordinary people towards China food safety situation? A. Worried. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Subjective.
9. According to Tim Wang, Chinese companies should do the following except_______. A. strengthen their social responsibility B. realize the food safety problem C. improve product quality D. learn from imported food
C
Air pollution harms people’s health and damages the the environment ---and may be causing extreme weather too, according to a study published on November 18 in Nature Geoscience.
Researchers led by Professor Li Zhangqing from the University of Maryland in the US said in the article that increased aerosols（气体中的悬浮微粒）in the air could seriously affect the
height and thickness of clouds. As a result，dry areas or dry seasons could experience even less rainfall, while regions that were already wet could experience more rain, snow and serious storms.
Aerosols---tiny solid or liquid particles suspended (悬浮)in the air---come from burning fossil fuels and from certain industrial and agricultural processes. They can be harmful to both health and the environment.
Scientists have known for a long time that aerosols can change cloud density because they are the core around which raindrops and ice form. What they haven’t been able to figure out until now, however, is how aerosols affect the likelihood and frequency of rain.
When air rises, water vapor condenses (凝结)on aerosol particles to form clouddrops, said Daniel Rosenfeld, co-author of the article. \"In cleaner air the clouddrops are larger due to fewer drops and have better chances of forming large raindrops,\" he explained. In polluted air more and smaller drops are formed, which float and are slow to combine into raindrops.
\"With small amounts of moisture most clouddrops never become large enough for efficient rainfall, and therefore rainfall is reduced,\" said Rosenfeld. Besides, the rain that is held in polluted clouds freezes at higher altitudes to form ice crystals or hail. The energy released by freezing makes the clouds grow taller and form into larger ice particles that produce even heavier rainfall. This means that air pollution can increase the chances of both drought and flood, Rosenfeld explained in the article.
The researchers say their study has important implications for climate studies and the management and use of water resources around the world. 10. How does the air pollution affect the weather?
A. Dry areas or seasons could have even more rainfall.
B. Wet regions could experience less rain, snow and serious storms. C. The drier area or seasons are, the less rainfall they could have. D. Dry areas or seasons could have even more snow.
11. Which of the following statements is not TURE about aerosols？ A. They are tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. B. They can do harm to both health and the environment.
C. They come from burning fossil fuels and from certain industrial and agricultural processes. D.They can’t change the height of clouds. 12. Scientists haven’t decided__________.
A. whether aerosols can change cloud density
B. how aerosols affect the likelihood and frequency of rain
C. whether aerosols are the core around which raindrops and ice form D. air pollution can harm people’s health
13. Who wrote the article about air pollution causing more drought and flood? A. Professor Li Zhangqing B. Daniel Rosenfeld.
C. Professor U Zhangqing and Daniel Rosenfeld D. The passage doesn't mention it.
D
This week, I spent some time talking with folks about rebuilding an economy where if you work hard, you and your family can get ahead. I stopped in at a high school to thank the teachers for doing such a great job and wish them luck as they head back to the classroom for this school year.
There is nothing more important to our country’s future than the education we give to our kids. And there’s no one more important to that education than the person at the front of the classroom. Teachers matter. Most of them work tirelessly,with modest pay. They give everything to our kids and in return, we should invest in their careers. But here’s the thing:this year, several thousand fewer educators will be going back to school.
Since 2009, we've lost more than 300,000 education jobs, in part, because of budget cuts at the state and local level. That’s the opposite of what we should be doing as a country. States should be making education a priority in their budgets, even in tough financial times. And Congress should be willing to help out.That’s why part of the jobs bill that I sent to Congress included support for states to prevent further lay-offs and to rehire teachers who’d lost their jobs. But here we are ---a year later with more educators laid off---and Congress still hasn't done anything about it. In fact, the economic plan that almost every Republican in Congress voted for would make the situation even worse. It would actually cut funding for a education, all to pay for a massive new tax cut for millionaires and billionaires.
That’s backwards. That’s wrong. That plan doesn’t invest in our future；it undercuts our future. If we want America to lead in the21st century, nothing is more important than give everyone the best education.
That’s why we launched a national competition to improve our schools. And for less than one percent of what our nation spends on education each year, we've encouraged almost every state to raise their standards ---the first time that’s happened in a generation. That’s why we've invested in math and science education, and given states more flexibility on No Child Left Behind. And that’s why we've reformed the student loan program to put students before big banks, and increased financial aid for millions of young people---because in America, higher education cannot be a luxury; it’s an economic necessity every family should be able to afford.
------speech from Barack Obama, President of the United States of America 14. What is the main idea of this speech?
A. The reasons why educators are laid off.
B. The President calls for rehiring unemployed educators. C. The President thanks the teachers for their great jobs. D. The US tries to rebuild the economy by working hard.
15. What is the problem the US is facing according to this speech？ A. It is difficult to carry out an economic plan in Congress. B. Tax cut for rich people makes the education budget tighter. C. More educators were laid off partially due to budget cuts.
D. Congress can do nothing about the improvement of education．
16. What is the President’s attitude towards the economic plan for education? A. Optimistic. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent 17. Which sentence can best answer the \"whys\" in the last paragraph？ A. Because it’s wrong to cut education budget.
B. Because we need to make education affordable for every family. C. Because we need to carry out No Child Left Behind policy.
D. Because the best education is the most important in the 21st century for the US.
E
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult . From the beginning , people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship .
Different cultures emphasize (强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree . For example , business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust . Even with people at work , it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a glass of tea , before they do any job . In many European countries—like the UK or France —people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office. Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand . I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled .After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary. Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly ,English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly. People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment（多元文化环境）will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
18．In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to _____. A．develop closer relations B．share the same culture C．get to know each other D．keep each other company
19．The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _________. A．the English prefer to make long speeches B．too many words are of no use C．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature D．even talk and silence can be culturally different
20．According to the text ,how can people from different cultures understand each other better? A．By sharing different ways of life. B．By accepting different habits. C．By recognizing different values. D．By speaking each other’s languages. 21．What would be the best title for the text? A．Multicultural Environment. B．Cross-Cultural Differences. C．How to Understand Each Other. D．How to Build Up a Relationship.
F
King’s College Summer School
King’s College Summer School is a yearly training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year’s summer school will be from July 25 to August 15. More information is as follows: Application(申请) date Courses
●Students in New York should send their ●English Language applications before July 18, 2014. Spoken English: 22 hours ●Students of other cities should send their Reading and Writing: 10 hours applications before July 16, 2014. ●American History: 16 hours ●Foreign students should send their ●American Culture: 16 hours applications before July 10, 2014. Steps ●A letter of self-introduction ●A letter of recommendation(推荐) *The letters should be written in English with all the necessary information. Please write to: Thompson, Sanders 1026 King’s Street New York, NY 10016, USA E-mail: KC-Summer-School@yahoo. com 22．You can most probably read the text in _________. A．a newspaper B．a travel guide C．a textbook D．a telephone book 23．Which of the following is true about King’s College Summer School? A．Only top students can take part in the program. B．King’s College Summer School is run every other year. C．Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program. D．Only the teachers of King’s College give courses.
24．If you are to live with your relatives in New York, you will have to pay the school _______. A．$200 B．$400 C．$500 D．$900 25．What information can you get from the text? A．The program will last two months. B．You can write to Thompson only in English. C．As a Chinese student, you can send your application on July 14, 2014. D．You can get in touch with the school by e-mail or by telephone.
教师版答案：
A
解题导语:作者的爸爸因迫于作者的妈妈施加的压力与蟋蟀展开了一场大战，虽然毒死了一些蟋蟀，但是最终损失惨重，笑到最后的仍然是那些鸣叫不已的蟋蟀。
1. A 推理判断题。第一段中提到作者的爸爸能够容忍在地下室中有几只昆虫，而作者的妈妈在城市中长大，说蟋蟀太吵了，为了证明这一点，她不肯睡觉，喝咖啡，吸烟，甚至威胁要离开，由此可推测她根本不喜欢昆虫。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的内容可知，在作者的妈妈的一番折腾后，作者的爸爸开车去商店买回了一些毒药。
3. D 推理判断题。第二段最后一句中提到作者不喜欢那只猫，因为它无缘无故地乱抓，所以喂一些死蟋蟀是想伤害它。
Cost ●Daily lessons: $200 ●Sports and activities: $100 ●Travels: $200 ●Hotel service: $400 * You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city.
4. C 细节理解题。第四段最后一句提到作者的爸爸焚烧了大量旧报纸和旧杂志，说蟋蟀已经把报纸和杂志变成了窝，由此可知选C。
5. A推理判断题。作者的爸爸用毒药杀死一些蟋蟀，之后木堆起火，割草机油箱中的汽油发生爆炸并波及房屋，作者的妈妈带着其他人去了Gail婶婶家，作者和爸爸还有Burt叔叔把房屋中的东西搬出后堆放在路边，并一直忙到晚上，此时打破他们之间沉默的还是蟋蟀的叫声，由此可推断在与蟋蟀的战争中，作者一家失败了。
B
解题导语： 本文主要讲述了国内的食品安全问题导致越来越多的中国消费者选择进口食品及品牌。
6. C细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，应选C。
7. C 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，购买量最多的进口食品是乳制品，其次是谷物和油。
8. A 态度推断题。根据文章内容可知，民众对于目前国内的食品安全问题持担忧的态度。 9. D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，应选D。
C
解题导语：这是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了空气污染不但损害人类的健康，而且还会导致旱涝加剧。
难句解读In polluted air more and smaller drops are formed, which float and are slow to combine into raindrops. which 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，polluted为过去分词作定语，表被动。句意：在被污染的空气中，形成了更多更小的水滴，它们飘浮在空中，放慢了结合成雨滴的速度。
10. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“As a result, dry areas or dry seasons could experience even less rainfall, while regions that were already we could experience more rain, snow and serious storms.”可知C项正确。
11. D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知A、B、C三项的说法正确。根据第二段的第一句可知，气体中的悬浮微粒会影响云的高度，故D项的说法不正确。
12. B 细节理解题。从文章第四段中的“What they haven’t been able to figure out until now, however, is how aerosols affect the likelihood and frequency of rain.”可知选B。
13. C 细节理解题。从文章第二段中的 “Professor Li Zhangqing from the University of Maryland in the US said in the article”及 第五段中的“Daniel Rosenfeld, co-author of the article”可知C项正确。
D
解题导语：美国总统奥巴马呼吁各州和国会增加教育预算，重新雇佣失业的教师。
14. B 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，美国总统奥巴马发表该演讲的目的是呼吁各州和国会加大教育预算，重新雇用失业的教师。故选B。
15. C 细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知，C项正确。
16. B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的，“In fact，the economic plan that almost every Republican in Congress voted for woutd make the situation even worse. ”可知，奥巴马认为国会支持的经济政策只会让教育形势更加糟糕。故选B。
17. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的，“If we want America to lead in the 21st century, nothing is more important than giving everyone the best education.” 可知，应选D。
E
解题导语：跨文化交际。 18-21 ADCB
F
解题导语：这是一篇某暑期学校招生广告。 22-25 ACCB
第三部分 任务型读写
任务型读写要求考生根据短文（300词左右）提供的信息，用恰当的单词完成与短文相关的表格。考查考生梳理文章文脉、对文中有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括的能力。要求在阅读理解的基础上，对阅读信息进行二次加工，归纳要点、整合零散信息，并根据表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序地表达出来。
四理：理解文章结构、理解图表信息、理解逻辑关系、理解作者意图 三查：信息捕捉题 ---考查获取信息能力 （一度创造）
信息组织处理题---考查处理信息能力 （二度创造）
信息概括综合题---考查解决问题的综合思维表达能力（三度创造）
五步：一、速读图表：预测与确立文章主题，了解图表纵横框架结构,预测文章文脉内容。
二、略读：快速浏览全文，结合图表理清文章基本结构与文脉。 三、扫读：获取文章主要信息。 四、细读：分析整合信息、准确表达。 五、复查：通观全篇，复读检查。 特点：被表格牵着鼻子走
用四个字概括一下它的解题步骤：读，找，写，查。用几句话概括一下任务型阅读的题型特点：得分容易，满分困难；理解较少，时间易耗；横竖兼顾，形式突出。注意检查：①.字母大小写②.名词的单复数和格 ③.动词的形式-ing,-ed ④.形容词副词的比较级最高级⑤. 时态语态，主谓一致，第三人称等 ⑥. 单词拼写,书写是否规范
实战演练
A
Literature is a term used to describe written as well as spoken material. Generally speaking, it is often used to describe anything from creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama and fiction.
Then why read literature, since it is often imaginary and seems unconnected with real life? A lot of us read literature for pleasure and relaxation. It’s always pleasant to read some interesting books, such as comedies and novels, in our spare time. In a modern life full of pressure, it is our common desire to read some imaginary works and seek relaxation from the stress in life.
Reading literature is more than fun; it also enables us to acquire knowledge. As a general rule, literature represents a language or a people, and it often gives us an insight（洞察力）into the traditions, customs, beliefs, attitudes and values of the age in which it was written.
Sometimes literature can even offer us new, creative ways to have a better understanding of the world. It helps us make sense of the world around us. It introduces us to new worlds of experiences.
We enjoy the comedy and the tragedy of poems, stories and plays; and we may even grow through our literary journey with books. Eventually, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it. In a sense, we explore the human condition and analyze how and why people think the way they think and feel the way they feel. Literature
enables us to think analytically and promotes open minds. We see the world through the eyes of different cultures and in turn learn the ways to deal with things that happen around. So we can definitely say literature is of great importance to us. Why not get going with one poem, drama or fiction at once?
Topic Worth of literature （1） should we read literature? It describes anything, whether written or spoken, by using creative （2 ） . （3） , drama and fiction Types of literature ·To get rid of pressure in life and be pleased and （5） . ·To acquire （6） about traditions, customs, beliefs, attitudes and values of the age in which it was （4） to read written. literature ·To understand （7） of the world ·To （8） literary works, to grow through the literary journey, to discover meaning in literature, and even explore how humans think and feel ·To think analytically and （9） our minds Conclusion
B
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem of getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their school.
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open
Literature is very （10） to us.
education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have some rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
Title: Open Education Meaning Open education is a way of teaching which allows students to learn what they are (2)______________ in without many rules. Open education enables students to realize they are learning for (3) _______________, not for others. In open classrooms, many students don’t need to be (4) _________of grades or rules. Some students find (5) _________ happiness in open classrooms compared with traditional classrooms. Advantages Many students cannot prove themselves as (6)__________ in open classrooms as in traditional classrooms. Disadvantages There are so many choices for students to (7) _________ that they can’t use open education properly. Some teachers are not in (8) _________ of such way of teaching The writer’s (1) __________ to open education
概括性词汇:
原因reasons(for), causes(of) 影响 effect, influence, impact(on) 结果results, effects, consequences 目的aims, purposes，goals
观点opinions/views, attitudes(towards/to) 概要：summary 结论：conclusion 方法solutions, ways, methods, measures/steps 建议tip/tips;advice;suggestion/suggestions; 异同differences, similarities 优劣advantages, disadvantages 建议advice/suggestions/tips 特征features, characteristics
种类kinds/types 其他forms, introduction, description, information, contents, process, problems, title, theme, items, meaning, significance, importance, conclusion, name, age, nationality, time, date, place, location, size, weight, height, cost, event 常用词性转换：
achieve---achievement 成就；advertise--- advertisement/advertising；agree— agreement；amuse
Open education is just (9) ____________, but in a real class or school it is not so good. The (10) ___________ of students want some structure in their classes.
---amusement 娱乐；argue---argument争吵；commit—commitment奉献,投入disagree—disagreement；equip 装备---equipment设备；govern 统治—government 政府；manage---management 经营 管理；admit—admission承认，准许进入attract—attraction conclude—conclusion
结论
compete—competition
竞争;discuss—discussion
讨
论;decide----decision ;describe—description描写，描绘;express 表达----expression 词语；表情 graduate—graduation; operate—operation操作,手术;organize----organization; imagine —imagination 想象力；introduce—introduction 介绍；instruct—instruction 指令，说明
invent—inventor / invention；invite—invitation ；pollute---pollution ；predict---prediction pronounce ---pronunciation ；impress —impression ; permit-----permission ；suggest---suggestion solve -----solution；allow—allowance 允许；appear—appearance 外貌，出现 perform----performance ；exist—existance ；train ---training ；mean ---- meaning employ--employer—employee—employment;believe—belief ;behave----behavior know---knowledge ;serve—service;succeed—success ;tour---tourist—tourism ; propose—proposal 建议 ;withdraw—withdrawal 取钱；收回；撤退
survive—survival--survivor 幸存者 ;arrive-- arrival到达 ;analyze—analysis 分析 honest—honesty ;hunger---hungry ;guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚的 ;health---healthy
home—homeless;use---useless/ useful; courage—courageous 勇敢的;danger—dangerous; mystery-----mysterious;confidence----confident;dependence—dependent
independence—independent；medicine---medical ; education---educational有教育意义的;tradition----traditional ；globe—global ; freedom —free ; death---dead;pleasure---pleasant / pleased;popularity —popular；pride---proud; scientist----scientific ; comfortable---comfortably；gentle—gently; efficient有效率的—efficiency 效率;patient—patience/impatience；possible—possibility ;responsible—responsibility;urgent—urgency ;care—careful—carefully; difference---different---differently; fortune—fortunate—fortunately/unfortunately happiness—happy—happily; hunger—hungry—hungrily; health—healthy—healthily
luck—lucky—luckily; noise—noisy—noisily; pride—proud—proudly；sadness—sad—sadly; safety—safe—safely;
silence—silent---silently;
success—successful—successfully;
truth—true—truly; unluck—unlucky—unluck；wonder—wonderful—wonderfully; east—eastern；west—western；south—southern 任务读写参考答案：
(一)1 Why 2 imagination 3 Poetry/Poems4 Purposes/ Aims / Goals 5 relaxed 6 knowledge /information 7 more 8 enjoy / appreciate 9 open 10 important
(二)1. attitudes 2. interested 3. themselves 4. afraid/scared 5. more 6. good 7. make 8. favor/support 9. theoretical/ideal 10. majority
第四部分：书面表达 作文评分依据：
第五档(很好)；(21-25分) 1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 2. 覆盖所有内容要点。
3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4. 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
5. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 6. 完全达到了预期的写作目的。
写作步骤：
步骤一：审题，列提纲，提炼要点
审什么？
审文体，审话题，审要求。
题干中所给的话题背景信息可作为作文开篇引入的内容，并且一定要简述话题。
要求一般会以“请你”，“主要内容包括”呈现出来。“请你”写的内容即是你根据话题作文的重点。
例文：
近年微博（microblog）在中国越来越流行，假设你是校报记者，请根据下列提示为校报写一篇介绍微博的英语短文。1.方便，可以利用微博表达心声，交流想法；2.是一种释放压力的方式；3.与朋友分享心情，增进了解；4.有潜在的危险；5.使用微博要谨慎。
1. Microblog has become ______________________________________.(背景话题介绍) （part of our life/increasingly popular.）
2. It is very convenient for people to use microblog to _________________ instantly at any time. (express their feelings)（提示要点1）
3. Besides, it provides a chance for people to ________________. (release their inner stress)（提示要点2）
4. By showing their emotions on the microblog, their friends may also relate to their situation and can __________________. (offer timely comfort)（提示要点3）
5. However, microblog can also be _____________ as it may ___________ people’s privacy and other significant information. (potentially dangerous; give away)（提示要点4）
6. All in all, microblog brings some problems as well as comfort and large quantities of information, so we should _____________________. (be careful while using it.)（提示要点5）
步骤二：整合要点，确定段落主要内容。(一定要分段) Para1. Introduction （背景）
Para2. Microblog is beneficial to us in that it 提示要点1，2, 3.
Para 3. Many benefits as it brings to our life, it has some accompanying shortcomings, which are avoidable. 提示要点4 Here is a case in point…….
Para 4. Conclusion All in all, microblog brings some problems as well as comfort and large
quantities of information, so we should _____________________. (be careful while using it.) At no time should we give away significant information to strangers, such as, our real name, family address, bank account, etc.（提示要点5） 练习
请审读近下列安徽卷高考作文题，拟写作文提纲。 2010 安徽卷
假设你将参加某英语杂志社开展的一次征文活动，征文的内容要求你在电视、手机（cell）和网络三者中，放弃其中一个并陈述理由。请你以“Which would you give up: TV, Cell, or Web?”为题，写一篇英语短文。
注意：1.字数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2013 安徽卷
假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。 内容主要包括： 1. 遵守交通法规； 2. 注意举止文明。
注意：
1. 词数120 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息； 4. 短文的题目已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
步骤三：按提纲作文，注意变换句式，过渡自然，亮点突出
假如你是李华，你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”的活动。你们班为此组织主题班会，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，谈一谈你对创建“平安校园”的一些想法。短文应该包括下面的内容：1．安全意识的重要性；2．在运动中要注意安全；3．在校内要注意人身安全； 4．同学间发生矛盾时，一定要保持冷静、理智；5．逐步将“平安校园”活动转化为全体师生的实际行动。(参考词汇：校园安全 safety at school) My dear classmates,
________________________ safety plays an important part in our daily life. Recently our
school has carried out a program ____________ making our campus a safe place to stay in.
I consider this as indeed a good practice, _________________________safety should always come first in our daily life, ________ when we stay at school ____ outside it. When we are doing sports, we should _______________ the safety and avoid being hurt. ____________, when we get into trouble with our classmates, we should remain calm and avoid any form of fighting, which may only bring suffering and pain to us mentally and physically.
__________________, all the students and teachers should work hard and creatively to keep the “safety at school” activity in mind. Besides, we ___________ follow the school regulations wherever we are at any moment.
Thanks.
(There is no denying that; aimed at; which will make us aware that; whether; or; attach great importance to; What’s more; As far as I’m concerned; are supposed to)
合理运用句式，丰富表达：
1. It is quite ________that… 很显然…(apparent/clear/obvious/evident) 2. _______ is no doubt that…(There) / Undoutedly……毫无疑问… 3. It is widely __________ that… 人们普遍认为……(acknowledged)
4. Only in this way __________… 只有这样我们才能…(will we be able to/can we) 5. __________ should be taken to… 必须采取有效措施去…(Effective measures) 6. ______________ given above, I feel that… 鉴于以上原因，我觉得…(For the reasons) 7. What these people ____________ is that… 这些人没有想到的是…(fail to consider) 8. Therefore, I ________________that … 因此， 我强烈建议…(strongly recommend) 9. Sth. has aroused wide ______ / drawn public ______ …引起了广泛的公众关注 (concern;
attention)
10. As the ________ goes, 正如谚语所说…(saying; proverb) 11. sb./sth is no ___________ ……也不例外。(exception)
12. Views on …_______ from person to person. 对…观点因人而异。(vary / differ)
13. People ______ this issue. 人们对这一问题持有不同态度。(hold different attitudes towards) 14. This phenomenon ____for a number of reasons. (exists) 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。
Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
15. Sth. should always be put in the first place/ come first. We should attach great importance
to sth. (某问题很重要，要放在首位。)
学生常用句式 --------------- 稍显高大上的句式
16. more and more people ------ an increasing number of / a growing number of people
more and more popular------- increasingly popular/ sth. has gained popularity. 越来越….. （尽量不用more and more）
17. They are in a ….. situation. --------- They find themselves in a …situation. 处于….的情况下
relax ourselves--- get ourselves relaxed 放松自己 （用宾语补足语）
18. We should pay attention to the problem.----------- The problem calls for immediate attention.
应该注意某问题
19. We should take action immediately. ---------- We are bound to take immediate action. 我们应
该立刻采取行动。
20. We need to make efforts to solve the problem.---------Efforts are needed to address the issue.
我们需要努力解决这个问题。
21. There are more advantages than disadvantages.------------ The advantages outweigh the
disadvantages. 利大于弊
用好过渡衔接语
并列或递进not only….but also, in _________,(addition) what’s _______, (more) moreover, 选择otherwise, _______ than,(rather) not….but…. either…or， and, both…and 转折yet, however, though, ______ all,(after) on the contrary, in contrast 承接上文similarly, as for/to, talking/speaking of, surely, naturally, of course, 对比或比较like, unlike, while, still, _______ with,(compared) different from, instead, on the contrary, on the one hand, on ____________ hand,(the other) even so, worse still, at the same time,
举例或例证for __________,(example/instance) such as, take….for example, that is/namely, as follows 解释或强调anyway, in fact/actually, as a _______ of fact,(matter) in this case, in other ________,(words)
顺序或时间first (of all), ______ all, (above) second/secondly, finally/last but not least , from now on, next, soon after, at last/ in the end, in the meanwhile/meantime 因果关系 ________to,(owing/due/thanks） as a result, if so, therefore; 引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
结论或摘要in a (word)______/in summary/all in all/in conclusion, in short/in brief/briefly, generally speaking, that is (to say), it is well-known that, as everybody knows, as far as we know
步骤四：通读全文，修改润色
检查人称、时态、语态、文体格式是否符合写作要求，要点是否齐全，句式结构有无重大错误，主谓语是否一致，单词拼写是否正确（大小写、标点），字迹工整，卷面整洁。
针对城市街道上出现的越来越多的宠物，Teens向你约稿，请你谈谈你校学生对“城市内是否可以饲养宠物”的看法。经过详细的问卷调查，你发现同学们对此态度泾渭分明：支持饲养宠物者认为宠物可以陪伴孤寡、空巢老人，可以……等；反对饲养动物者认为饲养宠物花费不菲，……
根据以上提示的部分问卷信息，请你适当增加信息内容，撰文介绍同学们的看法，并对此做出简要评论。 学生习作：
Nowdays we have carried out a detailed survey “should people keep pets in cities”, it shows we students hold entirely different ideas.
Some students think keeping pets is good because of unaccompanied old people can get something from pets. Get along well with animals will make our life interesting. On the contrary, the other students against the idea. In their opinion, raising pets costs a large amount of money and bad for the environment. Pets may make too much noise affect the neighbors and even attack people sometimes.
I like animals and I find it amazed to have pets around. I don’t think it is bad to keep pets at home. We must prevent them from polluting our environment or causing other troubles.
范文：
Nowadays we have carried out a detailed survey “should people keep pets in cities” in our school, about which students hold entirely different ideas.
According to some students, keeping pets is good in that pets can make good companions for the elderly living alone. Getting along well with animals will make their life interesting, which makes it a good solution to the aging population. On the contrary, the other students against the idea come up with many a disadvantage of raising pets. For instance, it costs a large amount of money and is bad for the environment. Pets may make too much noise, which is so annoying to the neighbors, and even attack people sometimes, causing great trouble for the pet owners.
I like animals and I find it amazing to have pets around. Though pets are troublesome at times, they can serve their roles well as good companions. Yet, the owners must make sure they do nothing harmful to our environment or cause trouble to others’ life. Under good training, pets are nothing but good friends. 常见错误 1. There be 句型
There are many students take part in the discussion. 2. 比较结构
Comparing the bike, the car runs much faster. The climate of Dalian is colder than other cities. 3. 表达原因的结构
The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.
The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard. 4. 否定结构
Some people think we needn’t to worry about fresh water. Nowadays many people don’t like to go to the movies, too. 5. 含有it的结构
It is known to all of us, science and technology play an important role in the development of
society. 6. “…建议如下”
My suggestions are followed.
7. 不连贯：句子前言不搭后语，或是结构上不通畅。 The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
8.句子逻辑不清：受中文影响，句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。 To make fantastic progress, hard work is necessary. 9. 百分数
20 percent students are in favor of the plan. 10. 表示“多，少”使用不当
The advantages are many.
正确表达
1. There are many students taking part in the discussion. 2. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
The climate of Dalian is colder than that of other cities 3. The real reason for our failures is not far to seek.
The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard. 4. Some people don’t think we need to worry about fresh water.
Nowadays many people don’t like to go to the movies, either.
5. As is known to all of us, science and technology play an important role in the development of
society.
It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.
What is known to all of us is that science and technology play an important role in the
development of society. 6. My suggestions are as follows.
7. Fresh water, which is the most important thing on the earth. 8. To make fantastic progress, we need to work hard.
9. Twenty percent of the students surveyed are in favor of the plan. 10. There are many advantages./ sth. has many advantages.
一个词改变一种境界
1．occur 替换 think of
Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. → An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 2．devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time (in) reading. → He devotes all his spare time to reading. 3．seek替换want / look for
They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees. 4．but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting. → The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring. 5．seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried. 6．suppose 替换should
He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly. 7．appreciate 替换thank
Thank you very much for you help. →
We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated. 8．the case替换 true
I don’t think it is the case ( true ). 9．On加名词替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. → On his arrival, he began his research. 10．due to替换because of
He arrived late due to (because of ) the storm. 11．cover替换walk/read
After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired. 12．contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study. 13．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner/is drawing near. ( coming).
② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 14．come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He often comes up with (thinks of) new ideas. 15．set aside替换save
Some students believe they should set aside some pocket money for books. 16．be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are of high quality (very good) and are sold everywhere in China. 17．refer to 替换talk about/of, mention
The professor referred to (talked about) is very famous. 18．can not but / can not help but替换have to do
I could not but (had to) go home. 19．more often than not替换usually
More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed. 20．lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. → I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it. 21．long for sth. / long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. →I long to see you. 22．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to/have a bent for/be thirsty for 替换be interested in
He is caught up in (very interested in) collecting stamps. 23．more than/only too替换very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. → I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.
② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be only too willing to help. 24．perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well
He speaks perfect (good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly (very well). 25．do sb a favor 替换help
Would you please do me a favor (help me) to turn down the radio? 26．the other day替换a few days ago
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. 27．in the course of替换during
In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
28．the majority of替换most
The majority of (Most of) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
29．consist of替换be made up of
Our class consists of (is made up of) 50 students.
30．be worn out替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). ② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair. 31．attend to/wait on/see to替换look after 32．on condition that替换as long as 33．nevertheless替换however
34．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 35．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do 36．many a 替换many
37．be engaged in/get down to (doing) sth. 替换be busy (in) doing 38．a handful of替换a little / some. A couple of 替换several 39．meanwhile替换at the same time 40．get to one’s feet/rise替换stand up 41．beneath替换under
42．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while 43．for instance替换for example 44．amazing替换surprising
45．as a matter of fact / in truth替换in fact
书面表达练习： 1. 态度决定一切
你校即将举办一场英语演讲比赛，要求参赛选手围绕“Attitude is everything”这个主题，并结合自身的体会，谈谈持有正确的人生态度的重要性。 请根据以上材料写一篇英语演讲稿。 注意：1. 词数120左右；
2. 开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Friends,
I
am
going
to
talk
about
the
importance
of
attitude
today.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That is all! Thank you for your listening! 范文： Dear Friends,
I am going to talk about the importance of attitude today.
As the saying goes, “Attitude is everything.” It means our attitude decides whether we will succeed or not. If we take a positive attitude towards life and keep on trying, we will achieve our goal in the end.
At one time I was not good at English, which made me very upset. Then I realized that I had to do well in English to go to my dream university. I turned to my teacher for help, with whose kind help I improved my English gradually by working hard at it. My experience proves that if we are optimistic about difficulties, we will be able to overcome them and move on. Our attitude plays a key role in our life.
That is all! Thank you for your listening!
2. 如何诚信做人
诚信是一种美德，社会需要诚信。最近，你校将举办一个以“诚信”为主题的英语演讲比赛。你打算参加这个比赛，请写一篇演讲稿。 注意：1. 词数120左右；
2. 开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students,
I
am
going
to
talk
about
how
to
practice
honesty
today.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you. 参考范文： Dear fellow students,
I am going to talk about how to practice honesty today.
As the saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.” If we are honest, the people around us will trust us. In this way we can achieve our goals and live a happy life. However, some people are not honest. For example, they cheat in the exam and they always break their promises. Worse still, some don’t even admit their mistakes when they do something wrong. This makes it hard for them to get along with others.
How should we practice honesty? Firstly, we should always be honest with the people around us and never tell lies. Secondly, we should always mean what we say. It is a good virtue to keep our promises. More importantly, we should be responsible for what we do, especially when we make a mistake.
Honesty should always be put in the first place. That’s all. Thank you.
3. 近来，“光盘行动”悄然流行，这一行动引导崇尚节约、反对浪费的社会风气。其实在 我们的校园生活中也存在一些浪费现象。请简述几个浪费现象，并就如何厉行节约、反对 浪费，谈谈你的看法和建议。
注意：1. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称 2. 120词左右。
Recently, our government has launched a campaign called “Clear Your Plate”, which advocates saving against wasting. This campaign reminds us that there are still masses of behaviors of wasting on campus.
In the canteen, it’s common to see that there’s much food left in students’ plates. As is often the case, some lights are still on while nobody is in the classroom. In addition, many students spend too much money buying unnecessary items, which is a great waste of money and resources.
As far as I’m concerned, efforts are needed to address the issue and make a change. My
suggestions are as follows. Firstly, our school should organize various activities to arouse students’ awareness of saving. What’s more, I strongly hold the view that regulations and rules should be worked out to punish those who waste things. Last but not least, we should get into the habit of switching off lights and tap water before leaving and not buying what we don’t really need.
This is just tip of the iceberg. There is plenty more to do to fight against wasting. We are supposed to bear in mind that every drop of water counts and that every simple act can make a difference.
4. 假设你叫李华，在你居住的小区有很多乱涂乱写的现象，有人在此做广告，有人在这里画画，甚至骂人。请你根据下图内容，结合生活实际，给中国日报China Daily写一篇文章反映这种现象，说明自己对这一现象的看法，并提出解决办法。
注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯； 2.准确使用语法和词汇，使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；
3. 词数：120个左右。 Dear editor,
What the picture shows is just a common scene in the neighborhoods where we live, whether in city or in town. Public places are now made too much use of by people. Some make drawings or practicing their handwriting on walls in these places to show their talents or for fun. Some take advantage of such public places to make free advertisements. Others even put dirty words in these places to curse those whom they don’t like.
In my point of view, these abuses of public places do great harm to the neighborhood. For one thing, they destroy the neatness of the neighborhood. For another, they block the construction of a harmonious and civilized district.
Measures should be taken by local administration organizations to keep public places tidy, clean and well preserved. On the other hand, people should mind their behaviors. As we know, the image of a neighborhood or a city is reflected especially in public places. The practices above spoil our living environment and the tourists’ impression of our hometown. For our own sake, we are bound to put an end to the inappropriate practice for good.
Yours sincerely, Li Hua
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