浦东新区2018 -2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语试卷
考生注意:
1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.
A. Blue. B. Green. C. Yellow. D. Purple. 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
W: How lovely the gloves are. I like the green color. They can perfectly match my yellow and blue clothes.
M: Really? The purple ones are just as good. You can have both of them if you like. Q: Which color does the woman prefer? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 2.
A. 7:15. B. 7:45. C. 8:00. D. 8:15. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the opening ceremony of the Import Expo will start? M: It’s a quarter past seven. We have to wait for another three quarters. Q: What time will the opening ceremony start? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 3.
A. In a restaurant. B. At the man’s house. C. In a supermarket. D. In the hospital. 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】
M: The chicken is awful. Not only is it too fatty, but I think it might be undercooked as well. W: You should send it back. You definitely don’t want to fall ill. Q: Where might the speakers be? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 4.
A. The CEO won’t be free at that time. B. The lecture hall isn’t big enough.
C. The equipment in the lecture hall is out of order. D. The lecture hall is not reserved early enough. 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】
W: Would it be possible to schedule the lecture for tomorrow morning? I need to reserve a big lecture hall in advance today.
M: That won’t work. The CEO can’t set aside the time for tomorrow. Q: Why can’t the lecture be held tomorrow? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 5.
A. An athlete. B. A fitness instructor. C. A mechanic. D. A medical doctor. 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
M: Keep running on this machine until I tell you to stop. It helps build up your leg muscle and make you look slimmer. Ready? Go. W: OK, I will try as much as I can. Q: What is probably the man? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 6.
A. Take a deep breath. B. Take some aspirin. C. See a doctor. D. Drive to the hospital. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
M: My chest hurts, and I’m having a hard time breathing. Maybe I should take some aspirin. W: Come on honey. I’m driving you to the hospital. You need to get checked out right away. Q: What will the man probably do next? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 7.
A. The man shouldn’t order food in such awful weather. B. The delay of the delivery is caused by the awful weather. C. There is a problem with the policy of food delivery. D. The man should have his delivery fee returned. 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
M: The food deliveryman hasn’t arrived and according to the policy, I can ask him to return my
delivery fee.
W: Are you sure? It’s pouring down outside and I don’t think it is his fault. Q: What does the woman imply? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 8.
A. Having an outing. B. Ordering various drinks. C. Preparing for a party. D. Choosing suitable drinks. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
M: Let’s see what drinks you’ve chosen for the party tonight.
W: Everything! Beer, wine, soft drinks like Coke, juice you name it, I’ve got it! Q: What are the speakers talking about? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 9.
A. Thoughtful. B. Terrified. C. Apologetic. D. Annoyed. 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】
W: Sorry, sir. I wasn’t looking where I was going. Here, let me help you pick those papers up. M: Oh, they are in a total mess! Why don’t you kids put your phones away for just one second of the day, huh?
Q: What is the man’s attitude? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 10.
A. He followed his grandmother’s steps of cooking. B. He has a great talent for cooking. C. He is a green hand in cooking.
D. He improved the dish of his grandmother. 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
M: My grandmother used to serve the most delicious New Orleans Barbecue Rice. Unfortunately, I never learned her way to make it. Try this. What do you think of my cook? W: Oh, it’s so tasty that I can’t stop. Q: What can we learn about the man? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following lecture.
11. A. Literature. B. Business. C. Cooking. D. History. 12.
A. Christopher Columbus. B. People in Mexico. C. Hernando Cortez. D. Daniel Peter. 13.
A. The development of chocolate. B. The introduction of Cortez. C. The contributions of Columbus. D. The usage of cocoa beans. 【答案】11. D 12. C 13. A 【解析】
Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Christopher Columbus was the first one to bring cocoa beans to Europe after the first European explorations in the New World. What I neglected to mention was the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez. He was actually the first person to turn cocoa beans into something commercially important.
When adventuring in Mexico, he and his men were introduced to the emperor of one group and were offered grand gold cups of the emperor’s royal drink, chocolate. To adjust the drink for European tastes, Cortez and others decided to sweeten it with sugar. When they took this sweetened chocolate back to Spain, the drink became popular, especially when combined with several other newly discovered spices. Eventually, people began to serve chocolate as a hot drink. Later, people began to use the traditional methods to make chocolate. In the 1870s, in Switzerland, Daniel Peter found a way to add milk to chocolate, creating the product we enjoy today known as milk chocolate. OK, today we’re going to talk about the first maps of the Americas. Questions:
What class are they having?
Who first helped the commercialization of cocoa beans according to the lecture? What is the lecture mainly about? 【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following lecture. 14.
A. Les Misréables. B. Red.
C. My Week with Marilyn. D. The Theory of Everything. 15.
A. He rose to fame overnight. B. He has been a household name. C. He was recommended by Prince Harry. D. He first appeared in a stage play in 2004. 16.
A. His small brown spots on the face. B. His graduation from famous schools.
C. His remarkable gift for performing on stage. D. His involvement in various styles of performance. 【答案】14. D 15. B 16. D 【解析】
Many people used to recognize Eddie Redmayne for his small brown spots on the face. But now, they talk about him as a successful actor.
Eddie was born in London, England in 1982. He went to Eton College, a popular boarding school also attended by Prince William and Prince Harry. For university, he studies art history at Cambridge.
Encouraged by his parents, Eddie took acting lessons from a young age. His first stage performance came in 2002. Soon, in 2004, he began winning awards. Further stage successes followed and in 2009 he starred in a famous stage play Red in London, which brought him praises and an important award for his role.
Alongside his stage career, Eddie has also been working hard in television and film. He received recognition in 2011 for appearing in My Week with Marilyn. He received further recognition for his role in the musical film Les Misréables. Eddie’s biggest breakthrough came in 2014 when he played scientist Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything. The movie won him numerous awards, including an Oscar for Best Actor. This also made him the first man born in the 1980s to win an acting Oscar. Several years ago, you may have not been familiar with the name Eddie Redmayne. But now, he has become the talk of the town for being a successful actor. Questions:
For which film did Eddie win an Oscar for Best Actor?
Which of the following is true about Eddie according to the passage? What made Eddie a successful actor? 【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following lecture.
17.
A. A chef tends to work at entry level jobs. B. A chef works in a non-professional setting. C. A chef has the ability to create the recipe. D. A chef is as professional as a cook. 18.
A. He received the training in the culinary (烹饪) school. B. He stuck to the traditional recipe without any change. C. He had a natural skill in cooking the cuisine.
D. His latest book was on the list of NYT bestseller list. 19.
A. Make some easy dishes like chopping vegetables. B. Cook with the accurate measurement and no spice. C. Make an efficient and delicate cooking. D. Cook with creativity and passion. 20.
A. Working as a chef. B. Dos and don’ts about a chef. C. Tips for cooking. D. Recommendation of a bestseller. 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 【解析】
W: Welcome to tonight’s Legendary Lives. I’m Shirley Morgan. Tonight we are quite honored to invite David Hopkins, a well-known chef with 30 years of cooking experience. Last year, his new book “Secrets in the Kitchen” got on the New York Times bestseller list for six months. Welcome to our program, David.
M:Hello, Shirley. It’s a pleasure to be here.
W:David, I can’t wait to see you uncover the formulas for dishes, exploring the hows and whys of cooking. Before that, may I ask you a question? What’s the difference between a chef and a cook?
M: I think cooks generally work at entry-level jobs. They work at different places in the kitchen and follow recipes. In contrast, chefs have special training and understand better which food
goes well together, so they can invent new recipes.
W: I see. A chef is a cook who has completed a professional course while a cook is a basically any person who cooks food. By the way, how do you become a chef?
M: I am trained. 95% is about professional training and the other 5% is about talent. W: Would you mind describing us a day of a chef? We are so curious about that.
M: Nothing special. I generally go to work two hours before service starts. The night before, I have written the lists of all the things we need to prepare the next day. I work in different roles depending on what is needed.
W: Challenging. How long do you work every day? M: 10 to 12 hours a day.
W: An almost full-time job. Do you have any tips for average cooks like me?
M: Cooking involves your passion and creativity. Kitchen is never a place to chop vegetables and have a quick breakfast. It is good to make food that people really enjoy.
W: I can’t agree with you more. Miracles happen in the kitchen. Thanks for joining us, David. M: My pleasure. Questions:
According to David Hopkins, what can learn about a chef? How did David become a chef?
What kind of tips did David give to the listeners? What are the two speakers talking about? 【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?
Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a ____21____ (tasty) one as well.
As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming ____22____ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while ____23____ may even become scarce within the next 30 years.
Whether or not you try to limit yourself ____24____ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.
Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.
According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas ____25____ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.
With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, ____26____ (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons (鲑鱼) ____27____ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever ____28____ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.
And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It could be silenced ____29____ shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.
Even worse is the possibility _____30_____ we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050. 【答案】21. less tasty 22. continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to
25. are estimated 26. causing
27. whose 28. taken 29. because/since/as 30. that 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了气候变化对于人类食物的影响。 【21题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们可能不但要适应更炎热的天气，而且能吃到的美食也更少了。前后句意表示转折，表示能吃到的美食也更少了。所以用less来修饰tasty one。故填less tasty。 【22题详解】
考查一般现在时/现在进行时。句意：随着与全球变暖有关的二氧化碳含量的增加继续影响着天气，我们常常忘记它们也影响着我们食物的数量、质量和生长地点。分析句子可知，本句为as引导的时间状语从句，表示现在一直发生的情况，从句的时态用一般现在时或者现在进行时，主语为the increased amount of carbon dioxide，所以谓语为continues/is continuing。故填continues/is continuing。 【23题详解】
考查代词。句意：一些食物已经感受到了影响，而另一些甚至可能在未来30年内变得稀缺。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语。someothers “一些…另一些”，为固定用法，所以空处填others。故填others. 【24题详解】
考查介词。句意：无论你是否试图每天只喝一杯咖啡，气候变化对世界咖啡种植区的影响可能让你别无选择。limit…to“把……限制在……”为固定用法。故填to。 【25题详解】
考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：根据澳大利亚气候研究所等组织的数据，如果目前的气候模式继续下去，到2050年估计目前一半的咖啡产区不适合种植咖啡。分析句子可知，从句为一般现在时，主语为half of the present coffee-producing areas，谓语为estimate，主语与谓语为被动关系，用被动语态。所以空处填are estimated。故填are estimated。 【26题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：随着气温的不断上升，海洋吸收了部分热量并经历了自身的变暖，导致鱼类数量下降，包括冷血生物龙虾和鲑鱼，它们的卵在较高的水温下很难生存。分析句子可知，cause与之前的句意在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词causing。故填causing。
【27题详解】
考查关系代词。句意：随着气温的不断上升，海洋吸收了部分热量并经历了自身的变暖，导致鱼类数量下降，包括冷血生物龙虾和鲑鱼，它们的卵在较高的水温下很难生存。分析句子可知，salmons为先行词在后面定语从句中作eggs的定语，所以用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【28题详解】
考查省略句。句意：温暖的海水也会促使一些有毒的海洋细菌生长。每当它与海鲜一起被食用时，如牡蛎，就会给人类带来疾病。分析句子可知，本句为时间状语从句的省略句，还原后的句子为：whenever it is taken，因为时间状语从句的谓语动词是is，所以it is被省略。故填taken。 【29题详解】
考查连词。句意：而你在咬碎螃蟹或龙虾（crab and lobster）的壳时将不再听到令人满足的噼啪声，因为甲壳类水生动物由于海洋酸化将难以长出坚硬的碳酸钙壳。分析句子可知，本句缺少从属连词，根据句意可知，本句缺少表示原因的从属连词，所以用because/since/as。 故填because/since/as。 【30题详解】
考查连接词。句意：更糟的结果是再也吃不到海鲜。分析句子可知，possibility后接同位语从句。同位语从句句子成分完整，句意完整，所以空处填连接词that。故填that。 【点睛】状语从句中的主谓省略
① 在以if、when、though、unless、as、as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句中的谓语动词是be，可以将状语从句中的主谓省略。
② 如果从句主谓语是it is或it was，可以省略主谓结构，if it is possible, when it is necessary等都是这种结构。
分析小题8句子可知，本句为时间状语从句的省略句，还原后的句子为：whenever it is taken，因为时间状语从句的谓语动词是is，所以it is被省略。故填taken。 Section B
Directions: Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Workforce of the Future
The workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.
To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee
benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.
The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled workers.
“Obligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave (陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.”
Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time.”
【答案】31. G 32. A 33. B 34. I 35. E 36. K 37. F 38. J 39. C 40. D 【解析】
这事一篇新闻报道。短文报道了未来两种主导劳动力——有义务的工作者和实现自我的工作者。 【31题详解】
考查现在进行时。句意：技术进步正在改变工作场所所需任务和技能的性质。分析句子可知，本句用了现在进行时，根据句意，判断出填transforming。故选G。 【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了全面了解未来十年工作场所的变化情况，员工福利提供商Unum UK与未来的实验室
合作，对几个行业的3000名员工进行了调查。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，空处缺少谓语。partner with sb“与某人合作”符合语境。故选A。 【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究结果概述了企业在未来十年可能会看到的一些就业变化，并预测了两种员工文化的演变将主导劳动力。the +名词+of“……的”，根据句意，空处填evolution。故选B。 【34题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：有义务的工作者是指同时扶养与照顾父母和子女的人，在抚养孩子和照顾年迈的父母之间保持着平衡。分析句子可知，空处为现在分词作状语，balance A with B“使AB两方均势”符合语境。故选I。 【35题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：因此，他们重视有助于生活各个阶段顺利度过、应对各种事件和保障经济安全的职业。be tailored to“适合于……”，被用在句中作career的后置定语，符合语境。故选E。 【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：实现自我的工人致力于终身学习和获得新技能，而不是只为一个雇主工作。rather than为连词，连接new skills和loyalty。loyalty to“忠诚于……”，符合句意，故选K。 【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们积极寻求个人发展，想获得能帮助他们追求个人和职业抱负的员工福利。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，所以空处填动词原形pursue。故选F。 【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们把个人承诺和追求视为等同于职业承诺。be equal to“等同于”，本句中的equal to…作personal commitments and pursuits的宾语补足语。故选J。 【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：31岁的Elly Kemp以前是一名全职员工，现在在一家咖啡馆兼职，同时照顾她的祖母。她说：“我的工作方式让我可以自由地以自己的速度推进我的职业生涯。”分析句子可知，formerly与now相对应。故选C。 【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：31岁的Elly Kemp以前是一名全职员工，现在在一家咖啡馆兼职，同时照顾她的祖母。她说:“我的工作方式让我可以自由地以自己的速度推进我的职业生涯。”分析句子可知，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。填advance。故选D。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Early decision you apply to one school, and admission is binding(有法律约束力的) seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you’re done with the whole painful process by December. But most students and parents don’t realize that schools have hidden ___42___ for offering early decision.
Early decision, since it’s binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate (优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.
The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under ___46___ admissions, seniors have to choose which school to attend until May 1; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni (校友) and make a more ___47___ decision.
For any given student in America, whatever their levels are, there are a number of schools that are a great ___48___. When students become too fixed on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to ___49___ severe disappointment if they don’t get in or, if they do, it is likely that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further ____50____, may not actually be right for them.
Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge. That advantage goes largely to students who already have ____51____ advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more advantaged background. ____52____, there’s an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how (招生诀窍) to ____53____ figure out the often confusing early deadlines.
Students who have done their research and are confident that there’s one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably ____54____ under early decision. For students who haven’t yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely ____55____ the
field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.
41. A. let in B. turn down C. make up D. give away 42. A. dangers B. costs C. assumptions D. purposes 43. A. admissions B. joint C. inquiry D. investigative 44. A. detail B. measure C. achieve D. represent 45. A. neglects B. provides C. shortens D. marks 46. A. future B. regular C. random D. compulsory 47. A. informed B. honoured C. imposed D. complicated 48. A. fit B. aid C. hit D. net
49. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. furthermore 50. A. comment B. enhancement C. implication D. reflection 51. A. mutual B. favourite C. numerous D. temporary
52. A. In other words B. In this regard C. In particular D. In brief 53. A. hesitantly B. relatively C. deliberately D. efficiently 54. A. consult B. volunteer C. adjust D. apply 55. A. occupies B. encloses C. narrows D. explores
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. C 【解析】
这是一篇议论文。短文讨论了大学提前申请政策的目的以及存在的弊端。 【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. let in让……进入；B. turn down拒绝；C. make up组成；D. give away泄露。句意：学校让提前申请的学生入学，这意味着你更有可能被录取。大学通过提前录取的方式，提前让学生进入大学。let in“让……进入”符合语境。故A选项切题。 【42题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. dangers危险；B. costs花费；C. assumptions假定；D. purposes目的。句意：但是大多数学生和家长没有意识到学校提供提前申请所隐含的目的。由第三段可知，短文解释了大学提前申请政策的目的，所以判断出作者通过but转折句来说明大多数学生和家长没有意识到学校提供提前申请所隐含的目的。故D选项切题。 【43题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. admissions许可，录用；B. joint联合；C. inquiry询问；D. investigative调查。句意：它允许招生委员会挑选对他们的大学有特殊需求的学生，他们知道这些学生会来报到的。admission committee“招生委员会”，这是大学招生的机构。故A选项切题。 【44题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. detail详细说明；B. measure衡量，测量；C. achieve实现；D. represent代表。句意：这会提高学校的优秀学生率，这通常被用作衡量大学被选择性和受欢迎程度的方法之一。优秀学生率高低是衡量大学被选择性和受欢迎程度的方法之一。故B选项切题。 【45题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. neglects忽略；B. provides提供；C. shortens缩短；D. marks做标记。句意：问题是，这一过程有效地缩短了学生做出人生最重要决定的时间。由下文“decision effectively steals six months from them”可知，提前申请的决定实际上从他们那里偷走了六个月的时间，所以缩短了学生做出人生最重要决定的时间。故C选项切题。 【46题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. future未来的；B. regular定期的，有规律的；C. random随意的；D. compulsory义务的。句意：在正常的招生情况下，高年级学生必须在5月1日之前选择就读哪所学校。提前申请缩短了学生做出决定的时间，所以作者将正常招生情况下的时间与提前申请的时间进行了对比。故B选项切题。 【47题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. informed有依据的；B. honoured深感荣幸的；C. imposed施加的；D. complicated复杂的。句意：提前申请的决定实际上从他们那里偷走了六个月的时间，这些时间可以用来参观更多的学校，做更多的研究，和现在的学生和校友交谈，并做出更明智的决定。由“visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni (校友) ”可知，参观更多的学校，做更多的研究，和现在的学生和校友交谈。所以这些渠道的信息有利于做出有依据的决定。故A选项切题。 【48题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. fit适合，合身；B. aid帮助；C. hit打击；D. net网。句意：对于美国的任何一个学生来说，无论他们的水平如何，都有很多学校非常适合他们。whatever引导让步状语从句，所以根据主从句的关系，可以判断出fit符合语境。故A选项切题。 【49题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. therefore因此；B. otherwise在其他方面；C. however然而；D. furthermore此外。句意：当学生在入学的早期阶段对某所学校过于执着时，如果他们不能入学，这种执着会在其他方面导致严重的失望，或者，如果他们能入学，他们现在很可能会进入某所学校，如果给他们时间作进一步的思考，他们会认为所选择的学校可能实际上并不适合他们。otherwise“在其他方面”，用来表示如果不能入学，
在很多方面会导致孩子的失望，意在说不能入学所带来后果的严重性。故B选项切题。 【50题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. comment评论；B. enhancement增强；C. implication暗示；D. reflection思考。句意：学生在入学的早期阶段对某所学校过于执着时，如果他们不能入学，这种执着会导致严重的失望，或者，如果他们能入学，他们现在很可能会去那种，如果给他们时间作进一步的思考，所选择的学校可能实际上并不适合他们。由“may not actually be right for them”可知，所选择的学校可能实际上并不适合他们。所以判断出一定是经过思考，才认为所选择的学校可能实际上并不适合他们。故D选项切题。 【51题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. mutual相互的；B. favourite最喜爱的；C. numerous许多的；D. temporary临时的。句意：这一优势在很大程度上属于那些已经拥有众多优势的学生。由下文“have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more advantaged background.”可知，使用提前申请决策的学生往往是那些接受了更高质量大学的指导，这通常是来自更有优势的背景。所以判断出这样的学生有许多的优势。故C选项切题。 【52题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. In other words换句话说；B. In this regard在这方面；C. In particular特别；D. In brief总之。句意：在这方面，有人反对提前申请政策，因为来自低收入家庭的学生不太可能拥有有效解决经常令人困惑的提前申请截止日期的招生知识。In this regard来表明有人就这个方面对提前申请政策提出了反对观点。故B选项切题。 【53题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. relatively相对地；C. deliberately故意地；D. efficiently有效地。句意：提前申请的学生往往是那些接受了更高质量大学指导的学生，这通常对他们是有优势的背景。在这方面，有人反对提前申请，因为来自低收入家庭的学生不太可能有效弄明白经常令人困惑的提前申请截止日期的招生知识。由“confusing”可知，来自低收入家庭的学生在弄明白令人困惑的提前申请截止日期的招生知识方面是困难的。故D选项切题。 【54题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. consult咨询；B. volunteer自愿；C. adjust调整；D. apply申请。句意：在目前的制度下，那些已经完成研究并确信他们很高兴进入某所学校的学生应该提前申请。事先都准备好了，都已经决定去哪所学校了，所以应该提前申请，这符合常识。故D选项切题。 【55题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. occupies占领；B. encloses圈起；C. narrows限制；D. explores探索。句意：对于还没有做足够研究的学生，或者仍然在不断改变他们对喜欢的学校的想法的学生，提前申请体系不必要地
过早地缩小了可能性的范围，而此时学生们应该对一系列令人兴奋的选择敞开心扉。因为没有研究或者在不断改变着想法，所以提前申请体系势必会缩小可选择的范围。故C选项切题。 Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
One recent night, while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.” In other words, ideals general descriptions of people’s expectations of themselves and others can often lead us to unreasonable ideas. It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.
I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America. The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “poorly educated,” and Asians were “good at math.” These labels were taught to us from a young age. They wormed their way into our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination (歧视).
You can also see these over-generalized description being made against today’s Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials (千禧一代) being described as “monkish,” or “dad-fashion (复古作风)” which has given the “greasy middle-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.
It’s about time that we, as a society, walked away from generalizations and stereotypes. I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. from his famous “I Have a Dream” speech: “I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual, you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.
56. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others? A. By describing people’s personalities.
B. By truly getting to know those around. C. By observing their noticeable features. D. By following Martin Luther King’s speech.
57. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because ________. A. people live in places of various races B. people are born with unreasonable ideas
C. prejudices slightly influence people’s belief system D. people usually make judgments without thinking twice
58. Examples of “millennials” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal ________.
A. generalizations have unfavourable position in society B. generalizations have a negative influence on our society C. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged Chinese D. generalizations make today’s Chinese people lack interest or worry 59. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.
A. the common prejudice B. people’s expectation of themselves C. the groundless worries D. the famous speech of Martin Luther King 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. B 59. A 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文中作者对“人们通常会不假思索地用狭隘的定型观念来概括某个群体的这一文化歧视现象”表达了自己的观点。作者希望要正确地，客观地看待其他人。 【56题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.”可知，我们喜欢用肤色、出生年份或其他相关因素对人进行刻板模式化的描述。所以判断出人们是通过观察他们明显的特征来判断别人的。故C选项正确。 【57题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination (歧视).”可知，人们急于做出判断，滋生了一种歧视文化。所以文化歧视的出现是因为人们通常会不假思索地做出判断。故D选项正确。 【58题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.”可知，刻板印象似乎总是在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟。但是这些概括确实有害，因为这些印象可能会影响更广泛的人群。所以判断出第3段提到了“千禧一代”和“复古作风”的例子来揭示这些泛泛的概括对我们的社会有消极的影响。故B选项正确。 【59题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知人们通常会不假思索地用狭隘的定型观念来概括某个群体，这一文化歧视现象普遍存在于社会中，不同的人种被贴上不同的标签。对他人泛泛和进行刻板模式化的描述，对社会产生了消极的影响。所以判断出这篇文章主要关注的是普遍存在的偏见问题。故A选项正确。
【点睛】根据段落所提供的关键词是解决推理判断题的重要方法之一。关键词隐含着作者要表达的深层含义。由第三段“stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.中的“foothold”，“harm”“wider population”可知，刻板印象似乎总是在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟。但是这些概括确实有害，因为这些印象可能会影响更广泛的人群。社会是由不同的人组成的，一旦刻板印象在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟，影响了更多的人，就会对社会产生消极的影响。所以判断出第3段被提到的“千禧一代”和“复古作风”的例子就是要揭示这些泛泛的概括对我们的社会有消极的影响。故小题3的正确答案为B选项。
(B)
When you cross deep water driving too fast, you risk splashing water up into the air box and having it get sucked into the internal engine, which is more common than you think. There are a few steps you should take to clear the water out before you try to start it:
1. First, drain the fuel tank, fuel lines and the oil. While it's draining, put a fan on the wiring and dry it out. Remove and clean the carburetor (化油器).
2. Take the plugs out of the engine and turn it over to force any water out. Water will come out with the oil. Add oil to the engine and turn it over again, without the plug in. Let it sit for a while, then observe the oil to tell if there's any water in it (it will look like a white milky substance if there is water mixed with the oil). If it's there, drain it again and start over until there is little or no white showing in the oil.
3. Now re-install the spark plug, add gas, then try to start the engine. You should have a can of ether (乙醚) handy just in case it's stubborn, but don't use too much. If it starts, let it run for a few minutes without making it work faster.
4. After it runs for several minutes, shut it off, drain the oil and change the filter(过滤网). Run it again for a few minutes then shut it off and checks again for milky colored oil. If you have none, you should be good to go.
5. If you cannot start the engine, you may have already ruined it and you will probably need to seek a professional to repair it, or, more likely, you'll have to replace it.
60. According to the passage, a driver turns the engine over after oil is added to it so that he can _______.
A. drain the oil and change the filter without any difficulty B. re-install the spark plug and get ready to start the car again C. make a milky substance which is the mixture of water and oil D. see whether there is any water in the engine by checking the oil
61. The underlined word “stubborn” in paragraph 4 may probably means ________. A. reluctant to change B. hard to switch on C. insufficient to burn D. unable to take in 62. This passage may be most helpful to ________. A. a policeman who knows much about car accidents B. a secretary who has just driven across a small pond C. a driver who is incapable of fixing the car by himself D. a teacher who is to carry out her routine car maintenance 【答案】60. D 61. B 62. B 【解析】
这是一篇应用文。短文就如何清理进入发动机里的水，列举了一些具体步骤。 【60题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“Let it sit for a while, then observe the oil to tell if there's any water in it”可知，放置一会儿，然后观察油中是否有水。所以一名司机在加油后把发动机翻过来，这样他就可以通过检查油来查看发动机中是否有水。故D选项正确。 【61题详解】
词义猜测题。由第四段“You should have a can of ether(乙醚) handy just in case it's stubborn, but don't use too much. If it starts, let it run for a few minutes without making it work faster.”可知，你应该随手准备一罐乙醚，以防发动机难以启动，但不要使用太多。如果它启动了，让它运行几分钟，不要让它运行得更快。所以判断出第4段划线的“stubborn”一词可能意味着hard to switch on“很
难启动”。故B选项正确。 【62题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“When you cross deep water driving too fast, you risk splashing water up into the air box and having it get sucked into the internal engine”可知，当你在深水中开太车快时，你有可能将水溅到气箱中，并被吸入内燃机”所以判断出这篇文章对于开车穿过水塘的秘书最有帮助。故B选项正确。
(C)
One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantly push into new territory. Without growth and innovation, businesses eventually fade away. Those with staying power, however, have mastered an often-overlooked factor that allows them to focus on the future clearly: empathy (共情). While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others—empathy in its purest form—is the force that moves businesses forward.
Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditional workplace competitive, the reality is that for business leaders to experience success, they need to not just see or hear the activity around them, but also relate to the people they serve.
Some may think they want the results from doggedly (顽强地) pursuing their goals without much thought for other people. This attitude works for some, but at some point often sooner rather than later everyone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal and professional connections. These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicated interest in others and their businesses. Successful people do not operate alone; each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals. True empathy combines understanding both the emotional and the logical rationale(根据) that goes into every decision.
Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person’s connection to the people and marketplace that surround them. A biological principle known as co-evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object. Similarly, businesses and their leaders participate in co-evolution-type relationships. Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt, build on the strengths around them, and relate to their environment. When businesses fail, it is often because leaders have stopped focusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations. Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in their organizations
both internally and externally.
To develop an effective workforce, we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are. This can be frustrating and uncomfortable, particularly when you feel like your position makes more sense or offers a better solution. A critical part of developing empathy, however, is learning to understand, respect and implement another individual’s point of view rather than forcing your own.
63. In the author’s opinion, if a company wants to achieve success, it must ________. A. frequently develop in new areas B. always stay pure and powerful C. concentrate on its future development D. value much thought for others 64. It can be inferred from the passage that _________. A. empathy generally depends on logical reasons B. supports from others help to achieve ambitions C. competition rarely exists in traditional workplaces D. striving for goals on one’s own is the key to success
65. Which of the following examples can best illustrate the co-evolution principle? A. The boss is too occupied to realize that his employees’ income is below the average. B. The head of the news agency offers little bonus to the journalists who work extra hours. C. The principal promises flexible working hours after the school moves to the countryside. D. The factory director insists on increasing the output despite the declining market demand. 66. What can be the best title of this passage?
A. Empathy and Business Success B. The Formation of Empathy C. Empathy and Aggressiveness D. The Importance of Empathy 【答案】63. D 64. B 65. C 66. A 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇议论文。作者认为共情策略是推动企业向前发展的动力，文章讲述了他的理由。 【63题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others -empathy in its purest form -is the force that moves businesses forward.”可知，与他人联系和交流的能力——共情最纯粹的形式——是推动企业向前发展的力量。所以判断出如果一个公司要获得成功，它必须为其它人着想。故D选项正确。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals”可知，我们每个人都需要他人的支持，才能取得积极的成果，推动我们实现目标。所以判断出，他人的支持有助于实现抱负。故B选项正确。 【65题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段“A biological principle known as co-evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object. Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt, build on the strengths around them, and relate to their environment.”可知，一个被称为共同进化的生物学原理解释了生物体的适应是由相关物体的变化引起的。成功取决于富有同情心的领导者，他们能够适应环境，利用周围的优势，并与周围的环境相联系。所以判断出C选项“校长承诺在学校迁往农村后灵活安排工作时间”能最好地说明共同进化原理。故C选项正确。 【66题详解】
标题归纳题。通多全文可知，作者就共情策略与企业的成功发表了自己的观点，作者认为共情策略是推动企业向前发展的动力。而企业的失败是因为企业的领导者没有使用共情策略。所以整个短文都在阐述共情策略和企业成功之间的关系。故判断出短文最佳的标题为“共情策略与企业成功”。故A选项正确。 【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具体事物或者具体的实践应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。要解决这样的判断题，首先要对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要清楚，然后根据对比4个选项，哪个选项在定义或者概括范围内的。哪个就是正确的答案。由第一段“I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others -empathy in its purest form -is the force that moves businesses forward.”可知，但我确信，与他人联系和交流的能力——共情最纯粹的形式——是推动企业向前发展的力量。所以这句话中对共情的解释就是“与他人联系和交流的能力”，作者认为这个是推动企业向前发展的力量。对比4个选项，只有第四个选项“必须为其他人着想”在共情定义的范围内。故第1小题D为正确选项。 Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed
Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing and we still have the numbers… by a lot. ______67______”
“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”
Brice-Hyde says, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).
______68______ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising and not. If you’ve been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren’t all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work “always” or “often” stressful; 27 percent of educators said they’ve been threatened or bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.
Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we’re seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn’t seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers. ______69______
We think it’s time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health. Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care, along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.
We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators. ______70______ And it’s pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place be a good teacher. A. BAT wanted to take action.
B. Those who gave more tended to gain less.
C. The data are ridiculous, and no one is really paying attention.
D. By nature, educators are taught to give care and support others not themselves. E. Although respected for its own sake, teaching is under suspicion in today’s world. F. After all, self-care, good mental health, positive well-being is one of the single best things you can do for yourself. 【答案】67. C 68. A 69. D 70. F 【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了美国教师疲惫不堪、压力重重这一社会现象，呼吁社会做更多的事情来帮助他们。
【67题详解】
由第一段“The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing and we still have the numbers”可知，我们唯一感到压力的其他职业是护理，我们仍然有很多数字……很多。根据第一段前两句Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is.可知，作者认为在美国教师行业是压力最大的行业之一。所以小题1是对“我们唯一感到压力的其他职业是护理，我们仍然有很多数字……很多”的否定。故A选项“这些数据很荒谬，没有人真正关注”符合题意。故C选项正确。 【68题详解】
由第二段“So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more”可知，因此，他们围绕压力、工作和生活平衡、尊重等问题对教师的工作条件进行了全国性研究。由“so”可知，本句与小题2为承接关系。所以A选项“BAT想采取行动”符合语境。故A正确。 【69题详解】
由第四段“Yet, self-care doesn’t seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers”可知，然而，对人们来说，自我照顾似乎并不容易，对教师来说也是如此。所以小题3要说明“然而，对人们来说，自我照顾似乎并不容易，对教师来说也是如此”的原因是什么。故D选项“本质上，教育工作者被教导要关心和支持他人，而不是自己”符合题意。故D选项正确。 【70题详解】
由第五段“We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators. ”可知，我们希望你能广泛分享这篇文章，给你的教育伙伴以支持和爱。这句话是用来提醒读者不要忘记了一个重要事实也就是小题4的选项：毕竟，自我照顾、良好的精神健康、积极的幸福感是你能为自己做的最好的事情之一。故F选项“毕竟，自我照顾、良好的精神健康、积极的幸福感是你能为自己做的最好的事情之一”符合语境。故F选项正确。 IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable Trend
Online pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for
the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.
While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the people who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.
Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.
Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs at lower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.
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【答案】Despite the current FDA restrictions, online pharmacies are important. They shouldn’t be banned because medicines are tested safe in real life or other countries. People have better access to online medical information to treat themselves, saving the trouble of seeing a doctor. They turn to online pharmacies because of the lower prices. 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇议论文。作者认为网上药店很重要，并分析了网上药店很重要的原因。 【详解】第一步：阅读
1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概要写作重要的东西。 第二步：写作步骤
浏览课文，找出主题：作者认为网上药店很重要，并分析了网上药店很要的原因。
分析文章的结构，概括主要部分，找出每个分支部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要部分：Despite the current FDA restrictions, online pharmacies are important.
写下每个主要思想的支持点，不涉及细节。主要部分支持点： 1.They shouldn’t be banned because medicines are tested safe in real life or other countries. 2.People have better access to online medical information to treat themselves, saving the trouble of seeing a doctor.3. They turn to online pharmacies because of the lower prices.
3.按照逻辑顺序组织主要和相关的支持点,使用最短的连接词进行连接。如：firstly, secondly, thirdly. 第三步：修改成文
草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。
首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。 其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。 最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。 V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 这场因无视规则引发的事故值得我们深思。(ignore) _________________________
73. 梦想还是要有的，但不努力就不可能实现。(unless) _________________________
74. 正是这次经历才让我明白，我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐。(It) _________________________
75. 当前有一个非常令人费解的现象:一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上，也不愿意带娃旅行开阔眼界。(would rather) _________________________
【答案】72. The accident caused by ignoring the rules deserves/is worth our deep thinking/ careful consideration/reflection.
73. We still need to dream/have a dream, but it can’t be realized unless we work hard (on it). 74. It was this experience that enabled/helped me to realize (that) I shouldn't be too busy to
miss the gifts/blessings that life brings to me.
75. There is a confusing phenomenon that many young parents would rather invest much money in/into early education than travel with kids to expand their horizons. 【解析】 【72题详解】
考查ignore的相关用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为The accident，用过去分词短语caused by ignoring the rules作The accident的后置定语。谓语为deserve/be worth后可直接接动名词，此时主动形式表达被动含义，也可直接接名词。故翻译为：The accident caused by ignoring the rules deserves/is worth our deep thinking/ careful consideration/reflection. 【73题详解】
考查unless的相关用法。分析句子可知，本句为but连接的两个句子，且为一般现在时，还涉及unless引导的条件状语从句。重点动词及动词短语为work hard“努力”，realize“实现”。故翻译为：We still need to dream/have a dream, but it can’t be realized unless we work hard (on it). 【74题详解】
考查强调句式。分析句子可知，本句为强调句式，强调句的时态为一般过去时，强调的是this experience，realize后接that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中出现了tooto句式。错过生活的恩赐为“miss the gifts/blessings”其中gifts/blessings被后面的that引导的定语从句所修饰，且在定语从句中作宾语。故翻译为：It was this experience that enabled/helped me to realize (that) I shouldn't be too busy to miss the gifts/blessings that life brings to me. 【75题详解】
考查would rather相关用法。分析句子可知，phenomenon后接that引导的同位语从句，同位语从句中涉及到了would rather do sth than do sth的用法。其中两个动词短语为invest much money in/into early education（很多钱投资在早教上）expand their horizons（扩展视野）。故翻译为：There is a confusing phenomenon that many young parents would rather invest much money in/into early education than travel with kids to expand their horizons. VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
网络时代，人们常常不辨别真假就在社交媒体上疯狂点赞 (give the thumbs-up) 或转发 (forward)，这种行为有实际意义吗？请就此现象谈谈你的看法，并结合生活中的实例加以说明。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nowadays, whether they are true or false, more and more people are used to continuously giving the thumbs-up or forwarding some messages from the social medium whenever picking up their phones. In fact, it is not wise to do it.
First of all, unconscious of harm to the society, many people unconsciously become the tool of spreading a great deal of unhealthy news. For example, some violent, anti-social, and rumor news are hidden and forwarded, cheating others, threatening people around them after they forward messages randomly without inspecting their contents. Besides, by giving the thumbs-up carelessly, people are considered to be the ones who support a certain idea. As a matter of fact, they don’t know at all what is said in the messages. Their habits betray them. The next day, they find that their friends and classmates keep them at a distance. They say to themselves “what happened? My God”.
So people should take an objective attitude towards so much information. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一段，人们常常不辨别真假就在社交媒体上疯狂点赞或转发，对此表明自己的观点；这种现象多带来的危害性；总结自己的观点。第二，人称为第三人称。第三，时态为一般现在时。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，人们常常不辨别真假就在社交媒体上疯狂点赞或转发，表明自己的观点。第二段，这种现象带来的危害性。第三段，总结自己的观点。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: betray, cheating，threatening randomly，violent，anti-social，threaten，rumor news，give the thumbs-up，forward some messages，the social medium，pick up，inspecting their contents，be considered to be，keep sb at a distance，have an objective attitude towards，some violent，anti-social，and rumor news，inspecting their contents.
第四步：确定句子：whether引导的让步状语从句和whenever引导的时间状语从句 Nowadays, whether they are true or false, more and more people are used to continuously giving the thumbs-up or forwarding some messages from the social medium whenever picking up their phones. who引导的定语从句by giving
the thumbs-up carelessly, people are considered to be the ones who support a certain idea. what引导的宾语从句As a matter of fact, they don’t know at all what is said in the messages. that引导的宾语从句They find that their friends and classmates keep them at a distance. 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接：First of all，Besides，So. 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式：如whether引导的让步状语从句和whenever引导的时间状语从句Nowadays, whether they are true or false, more and more people are used to continuously giving the thumbs-up or forwarding some messages from the social medium whenever picking up their phones. who引导的定语从句by giving the thumbs-up carelessly, people are considered to be the ones who support a certain idea. what引导的宾语从句As a matter of fact ,they don’t know at all what is said in the messages. that引导的宾语从句They find that their friends and classmates keep them at a distance. 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
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