《语言学》试 卷（A卷）
Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(3%×10=30%) 1 D 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 D Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (2％×10=20％)
11. Diachronic 12. Sequential 13. Derivational 14. Internalized 15. Relaitonal 16. Meaning 17. Double-negation 18. Creolized 19. Critical 20. Functional Ⅲ. Directions： Explain the following terms，using one or two examples for illustration.（10％×5=50％）
21. Descriptive linguistics refers to the linguistic study which aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use in communication. Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. 22. Diphthong is a vowel which is produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions. For example, the diphthong [au] in house, whose articulation changes from relatively open to relatively close and back. In English, the diphthongs include [ei] [ai] [au]etc.
23. Morphological rules are the rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. For example, the suffix “-ly” can be added to an adjective to form its corresponding adverb, e.g., happy + -ly >happily, notable + -ly >notably.
24. Case condition is one of the principle of Universal Grammar, which states that a Case assignor and a Case receipient should stay adjacent to each other. This condition explains why no other phrasal category can intervene between a verb and its direct object, such as the ungrammatical sentence *John read quichly the book.
25. Collocational synonyms are words with the same meaning, but different in their collocation, i.e., in the words they go together with. For example, accuse, charge, rebuke are collocational synonyms when they are followed by different prepositions in accuse...of, charge...with, rebuke...for.
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