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高考作文提高技巧 2

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高中英语作文文采提升技巧 韦 韡 (中学英语教师)

在上海高考英语试卷中,作文满分为25分。其中,语言部分占10分,结构部分占5分。因此,一篇语言优美,行文流畅的文章往往更容易获得高分。然而,很多同学对于如何提升作文的语言水平,丰富作文的结构都有点无从下手之惑。虽然每周都有老师布置的作文练笔,可写来写去作文的得分似乎总是徘徊不前。其实,各位同学只要从以下几个方面入手,坚持练笔,作文的文采便会有大幅的提高。

一、句式要丰富。

一篇优秀的英语作文通常包括1-2句比较级或最高级的句子、非谓语结构、倒装句、被动句、各类从句、谚语或特殊句型等等。

同学们在日常的英语学习过程中,对大部分常见句式都已有所了解,比如:感叹句、被动句、倒装句等。但是就绝大部分同学而言,对于这些知识的理解还只停留在语法题中。笔者发现,同样的倒装句考点,如果出现在语法选择题中,大部分同学可以应对自如;而一旦想在作文中运用倒装句,却会漏洞百出。 所以,在平时练习作文时,要有意识地提醒自己去使用这类句型和结构,这样在考场作文时才能信手捏来。

比如:We can learn English well only through using it as much as possible. 类似这样的句子在我们的作文中俯拾即是。那么,以后遇到类似的句子,我们是否可以将其转换成:Only through using it as much as possible can we learn English well.这样的倒装句呢?

另外,很多同学在写文章时,喜欢使用简单句或状语从句。其实,这些初中学过的句型完全可以转换成我们高中所学的非谓语结构。比如:When he is doing homework, he is listening to music.这样的句子出现在考卷上,很难显示一名高中学生应有的英语水平。然而,只要稍加改变,这句话就可以改成:Doing homework, he is listening to music. 再比如:Because more and more people had realized the importance of the environment protection, they began to use paper bags rather than plastic ones. 我们也可以将其改写成: Having realized the importance of the environment protection, they began to use paper bags rather than plastic ones.

除此之外,由于同学们一直以来适应了中文使用主动语态的语言习惯,写英语作文时常常想不到使用被动语态。其实,一些句子转换成被动语态,反而能给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。比如:This activity is reported to be held next Sunday.

句式的多样性可以体现出一名高中生对英语这门语言的驾驭能力。同时,丰富多彩的句式也能避免阅卷老师产生疲劳感。试想有哪一位阅卷老师忍心对这样的文章痛下杀手呢?

二、避免单词重复。 许多同学在英语写作时,或限于词汇量的匮乏或由于对驾驭单词能力的不自信,经常会反复使用同一种表达方式。其后果就是通篇文章中给老师留下最深印象的就是这几个低层次的“高频词”。例如很多同学的作文中经常会出现:we,is,make,should,important等常用词。我们知道就是山珍海味,天天吃都会厌掉,何况是这些常用词呢?这些词的存在无形中就降低了作文的文采。

因此,同学们在平时可以采取同义词累积的方式,将一些意思相近的单词“捆绑”记忆。这样以后写作时,对于同一个意思,同学们脑海中浮现的不再是个别的一两个单词,而是一串单词。在遣词造句时,我们也能更加游刃有余。例如:

“想做某事”,我们可以“捆绑”以下这类单词:want, desire, intend, plan, expect, attempt, be keen on sth, be eager to do sth.等。“继续做某事”,我们可以“捆绑”以下这类单词:go on, keep, insist on, persist in, persevere, continue等。若要表达“使某人做某事”,我们也可以收集以下这些结构:make sb. do sth., cause sb. to do sth., lead sb. to do sth., force sb to do sth., have sb. do sth., enable sb. to do sth., leave sb. to do sth., cause sb. to do sth.等。

平时,大家做个有心人。只要用笔记本专门记录这些捆绑的单词,多多记忆;那么日后面对英语作文时我们可以选用不同的单词和形式来展现我们的词汇量和语言运用能力。

三、多使用词组。 通过日常的写作指导,笔者还发现很多同学仍偏向于使用一些浅显的单词或者简单句来表达意思,比如:English is very important so se should spend more time on English. 这样的句子固然没有任何错误;然而这样一句连初中生都写得出的句子能反映出一名高三学生的英语水平吗?其实,这句话完全可以写成:We ought to attach more importance to English. 。如果通篇文章全是由这些常见、浅显的单词组成,只会给阅卷老师留下味如嚼蜡的感觉,分数自然不可能高。因此,以下是笔者为同学们罗列的一些实用而又出彩的词组。

常用写作词组:

因为:due to,owning to, thanks to,in view of

建立在、以…为前提: be on the basis of, be based on, on the ground of, lie in that

按照:according to, in terms of,

符合:conform to, comply with, be in line with 伴随:along with, accompanying, with

认为:bear in mind, it is deeply rooted that, take sth. into consideration, take sth. for granted, in one’s opinion, as far as one is concerned, in one’s view, attach importance to, Sth. flash into one’s mind

将要:be due to, be scheduled to, be doomed to, be bound to, intend to, in an attempt to

导致:lead to, bring about, give rise to, result in, generate, lay the foundation for, stem from,

产生影响:cast shadow over, cast doubt on, with the influence of

说明:illustrate, account for, explain, bring sth. home to sb., cast a light on sth., make it clear

可能:be likely to, the chances are that, make sth. possible 处理、解决:cope with, deal with, do with, dispose of, solve (delicate problems) 在…方面: in aspect of, in terms of, in the field of

采取、实行、执行:implement,carry out,come into use, come into effect,take action,take measure,take advantage of

有利于:be helpful to,be conducive to,bring benefit to,be in favor of 通过:by means of, in the form of 具体用法可咨询英语老师。 四、长短句交叉使用。

在写作过程中,同学们往往还会走两个极端:要么全文都是简单句,或者通

篇都是长句。其实,从读者的角度出发,长短句结合的文章更易于理解。 过多的短句容易让文章读起来断断续续;而过多的长句又会令读者感到不知所云。所以长短句交叉的文章读起来犹如音乐一般抑扬顿挫。比如:That so many people have been aware of the environment protection forces a lot of factories to reduce the waste. Therefore, these factories have to take it into consideration that they must adopt some new methods to produce their products. 这两句话虽然反映了同学一定的英语水平,但是连续两句较长的句子会让人读来有些困惑。如果我们将其中一句话删减一下,这两句话理解起来就轻松了许多:People’s awareness of environment protection forces many factories to reduce the waste. Therefore, they should take some new methods into consideration that must be adopted to produce their products.

五、头尾很重要,连词不可少。

俗话说,万事开头难。文章的开头往往起到抛砖引玉的效果。一个出色的开头对于整个文章的发展都能起到很好的导向作用。另外,出色的开头还能给阅卷老师一个良好的“第一印象”。同时,结尾则往往有 “画龙点睛”的作用。所以,平日里,同学们最好多收集一些优秀的大学四级作文的范文开头和结尾模式,熟练运用其中的一到两个,就能在短时间里,提高英语写作水平。

此外,在日常教学中,笔者发现有些同学的作文句式不错,内容也得体,但总感觉文章整体很生硬。这正是因为在这些文章中,连词太少了。连词就好比润滑油,出色的引擎需要良好的润滑油才能日行千里。一篇出众的作文也需要许多连词,使全文脉络清晰、流畅。

作文常见连词:

表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition;

表转折对比关系的: but, however, yet, instead, by contrast, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, unlike, nevertheless, the former…the latter, on the one hand…on the other hand, some…others;

表因果关系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, due to,owing to,thanks to;

表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless;

表时间关系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, now, after, presently, later, afterward, finally, at last, all of a sudden;

表特定的顺序关系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last;

表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way; 表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as;

表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth ;

表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, in general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary。

总而言之,英语作文绝不是同学们在学习过程中任其自生自灭的项目。以上所提及的种种技巧都需要有扎实的英语功底才能发挥其如虎添翼的作用。所以,同学们应该珍惜平时的每次写作训练,多多累计语言素材和各种表达方式,反复

强化、巩固。只有这样,在每次考试的英语写作中,才能做到“胸有成竹,泰然处之”。

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