“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语

“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目

一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点

一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。 一、 It 用作形式主语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。

e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型：

① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….

e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)

It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。)

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It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….

该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)

It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在20xx年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….

e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。) It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) ⑤ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。

Is it true that he will go abroad next week? (他下周出国是真的吗？)

⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。

e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)It took him fourteen hours to go to from by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)

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How long does it take you to go to from by train? (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)

I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. (我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。) 二、It 用作形式宾语

当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。

下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：

① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；

e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）

I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. （我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）

He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志决不向别人借钱。） I think it no need talking about it with them. （我认为没必要跟他们谈。）

② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；

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e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. （我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）

I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. （我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。） ③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；

e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. （尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。） Would you see to it that she gets home early? （你负责保证她早到家，好吗？） He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他坚持说自己是无辜的。）

④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。

e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. （我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）

We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. （多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。） 练习一

2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work..

A. this

B. that

C. its

D. it

3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it 4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it

5. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It

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6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them

7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted

8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this it D. one

练习二

1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.A. This; that B. That; that C. that D. He; that

2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice.A. that B. this C. it

D. them

3. ______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly

4. ____ doesn’t matter much _____ dress you are going to wear.A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who

5. _______ is going to for further study. A. He is said that

B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he

It;

B. that C.

6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.A. This B. That C. There D. It

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7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. this B. there C. that it

8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that

C. one

D. it

D.

9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. One

10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A. that B. this C. its D. it

Key: 练习一1-8 CDDDDADC 练习二1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDAD it作形式主语和形式宾语

英语被认为是国际语言，这是一个事实。

◆ It is + 形容词（如： strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…）that …

如：①It is certain that he will win.他一定会取胜。

②It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other. 我们应当互相学习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。

③It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.很显然那个孩子受过虐待。 ④It is likely that he will ring me tonight. 他今晚可能给我打电话。

⑤It is strange that he should have left without telling us. 真奇怪，他也没说一声就走了。 ⑥It is unlikely that their group will get ahead of us. 他们小组不会赶到我们前头去。

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◆ It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me…that … 如：①It happened that I wasn’t there that day. 恰好那天我不在那里。 ②It seems that his idea is more practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些。 ③It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.

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