Key
A.Answer the following questions.
1) She wanted to see St. Paul‘s Cathedral.
2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike. 3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and
newspapers.
4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked
as if they were wearing a uniform. 5) No, he didn‘t.
6) He used the English saying ―It takes all kinds to make a world‖ to prove his opinion.
B.Write down the poem “If All the Seas Were One Sea”.
If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be!
Task 2
Key
A: Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) people were much busier 2) colder than England , minus thirty degrees, last longer
3) much more mountainous, much higher and much more rocky, more beautiful 4) tend to be more crowded 5) the houses, maller
B: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. 1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F
1
1
Task 3
Key
A: Answer the following questions.
1) In the US, people usually dance just to enjoy themselves; they don‘t invite other people to watch them.
2) Usually eight people dance together.
3) Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side of the square.
4) He usually makes it into a song. 5) They war old-fashioned clothes.
B: Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T
C. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) eight people form a square, on each side of the square. 2) What they should do, makes it into a song/sings 3) Don‘t have much time to think 4) Old-fashioned clothes
Task 4
Key
A: Answer the following questions.
1) It was a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring. 2) They burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck.
3) The custom said the brides must wear ―something old, something new, something
borrowed, and something blue‖ to bring good luck. 4) Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried to
use up these things before Lent began. 5) It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.
6) People brought their animals to church. And before the animals went into the church
people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons.
Task 5
Key
A: Decide whether the following statements are true or false according
to the tape.
2
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T
B: Write out a list of the advantages and disadvantages of the Victorian times. Advantages Lots of servants to do the work Beautiful clothes to wear Lots of tea parties Life being slower Plenty of time to talk to each other
Disadvantages Terrible life for servants Very uncomfortable clothes Boring and formal tea parties—often no men being invited Much more illness Children left with servants all day Very poor education No freedom for women Task 6
Key
A: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1) b 2) a 3) c 4) a
B: Complete the following sentence with what you hear on the tape.
1) family unit, process, change, used to be, the extended , the nuclear
2) job patterns, progressed, agricultural, industrial, forced, job opportunities, split up 3) traditional, family, other living arrangements
C: Complete the definitions below according to the what you hear on the tape.
1) mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. 2) Only the parents and the children.
3) Previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family.
Task 7
Key
A: Fill in the following chart with a “√” mark in corresponding columns according to the information given on the tape. Men Women Both √ √ √
3
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ B: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1) c 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) c
Task 8
Key
A: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) b
B: Decide whether the following statements are true or false according
to the tape.
1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F
Task 9
Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable—especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.
4
Key to Unit 2 Weather Task 1
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) b 2) a 3) d
Task 2
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the tape.
1) T 2) F 3) F
B. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) d 2) c 3) c
C. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
Climate, reputation, extraordinary,unreliable.dry, wet,clear, dull,hot, cold, bad, mild
Task 3
Key
Complete the following summary of the passage.
I. the country Trees, grass, lakes and steams II.
A.
1. concrete, iron and steel
2. take in the heat during the day and throw of f heat into the air at night
B. Warmer winters
Car engines , electrical appliance III.
A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth
1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt
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2. to be slowly folded and people living in these cities to move to higher land
Task 4
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) b 2) c
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape
night, delight morning, warning gray way red head
C. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according
to the tape.
1) F 2) T 3 )F
Task 5
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c
Task 6
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according
to the tape.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape
Incredible, one minute, kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured
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Task 7
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) b 2) a 3) b
B. Summarize the weather conditions reported in the radio programme.
1) It has been nice weather during the day, but it is going to change at night. 2) Fine weather in southern Europe and not so nice in Northern Europe.
C. Match each place with the corresponding weather condition there.
For today
Southeast England Maximum temperatures of around 21 degrees Southern Scotland 26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon
Brighton 23 degrees Celsius by early afternoon Midlands Light showers around midday
Northwest of Scotland 15 hours of lovely sunshine
For the weekend
Spain Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23 degrees Celsius
Greece Heavy rain, 17 degrees Celsius
France Cloudy with rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degrees
Northern Ireland 34 degrees Celsius Most of England 32 degrees Celsius
Task 8
Key
Fill in the following chart. Natural Phenomena Air Pressure (Rise or Fall) Fall Causes The dust particles begin to settle to the ground in thinner air and the air clears. Fall Instead of traveling upward and outward into the atmosphere they are bent back to the earth and their range extended.
7
Rise The methane is trapped in the bottom of the swamp because of the thick air. Birds prefer to fly where the air is the densest and they can get greater lift with their wings. Smoke rises with thicker air. The gas in our bodies expands in pressure. lower air Rise Rise Fall
Task 9
Key A. Tick the statements “√” that correctly describe the tornado in Xenia
in 1974.
3) [√] 6) [√] 7)[√]
B. Rearrange the following sentences describing the boy’s experiences on the day when the tornado hit his town. [f]→[c]→[a]→[d]→[b]→[e]
C. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according
to the tape.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F
D. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) d 2) b
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Task 10
Script
Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in winter. In Lhasa, the mildest city in Tibet, temperatures may exceed 29 degrees Celsius in summer while plummeting to -16 degrees Celsius in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunlight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that there are great temperature extremes on the same day! The average temperature in northern Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperatures, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September represent the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.
9
Key to Unit 3 Social Issues
Task 1
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in
lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs. 2) The most stressful professions are those that involve danger and extreme pressure
and those that carry a lot of responsibility without much control. 3) The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only
answer is to fight back or walk away.
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
4) Three-quarters 5) psychologists, doctors 6) nervousness, anger, frequent illness, mental problems
Task 2
Key
A: Complete the following summary of the two speakers’ opinions.
1) give in so easily to hijackers‘ demands a) threaten to blow up a plane or commit some other outrage
b) hold out against this kind of blackmail, always have terrorists, Start executing terrorists automatically
c) be prepared to face the consequences of evil 2)
a) It‘s the lesser of two evils. Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business. b) Innocent lives, threatening the innocent will achieve its ends
B. Answer the following questions.
She implies that if the first speaker was one of the victims of terrorism, she would want the government to give in to the demands so that she wouldn‘t die.
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Task 3
Key
A: Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) thirty-five, natural lights, a small window, hot, airless, very noisy 2) Mexico 3) ought to, shouldn‘t
B. Answer the following questions.
1) It is located in a narrow street with five-and six-storey buildings eight kilometers from
downtown Los Angeles. 2) This factory makes shirts and jeans.
3) She‘s already been working for ten hours, but she won‘t stop for another two hours. 4) She can‘t complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.
Task 4
Key
A: Complete the following summary of British government’s statistics.
social trends 1) marked differences a) one hour more every day, three hours more every week
b) 1 prevent, cleaning and ironing, keep household accounts, do repairs or improvements c) 30 percent
2) leisure activities, watching television, 20 hours a week, going for walks, Swimming, British women
B. Answer the following questions.
Unlike the other couples, Carla has always kept her own accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.
Task 5
Key
A: Complete the following summary of the passage.
How a city in Japan solve the problem of garbage disposal. 160 million, every year, 10 percent, 10 percent, the rest public cooperation 1) garbage that can be easily burned, kitchen and garden trash
11
2) electrical appliances, plastic tools and plastic toys 3) 4) 5) 6)
are poisonous, cause pollution, batteries bottles and glass containers that can be recycled mental containers that can be recycled furniture and bicycles on different days, on request fertilizer, to produce electricity, recycled , cleaned, repaired, resold cheaply, given away
B. Answer the following questions.
1) The garbage will be taken to a center that looks like a clean new office building or
hospital. Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort and process the
garbage.
2) Official from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use
some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.
Task 6
Key
A: Answer the following questions.
1) They were talking about Mrs. Carter.
2) She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a
week.
3) She lived alone in a large house on an old farm—about three miles from the shop. 4) He was absolutely certain, otherwise he would never call the police. His evidence
was this: First, he saw her do it; second, he found the things in her bag; third, she had done it before.
5) Because two young people saw her. The shopkeeper believed that if they didn‘t
punish her, young people would think that stealing didn‘t matter. 6) The judge thought that it was a difficult case from a humanitarian point of view.
The excuses he found for her were: First, the woman was old and she lived
alone—she was lonely. Second, she wasn‘t poor—she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didn‘t need to steal. The items were only worth a pound or two. Third, she pleaded not guilty and said she didn‘t know that she had done it.
Task 7
Key
A: Fill in the blanks in the summary of the planner’s description.
not all modern cities are alike, modern city 1) a single high-density centre, skyscraper, motorways, as far as you can see
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2) the low-density multi-center city, a large collection of a number of small centres, shopping centres, factories, businesses and skyscrapers
B. Answer the following questions.
1) He thinks that the second type (the Los Angeles model) is more sensible.
2) He considers it highly likely that the kind of city we know now will completely
disappear.
Task 8
Key
A: Answer the following questions.
1) He thinks that this country‘s problems all come from inflation, which is the result of the Democrat‘s careless spending.
2) No, she doesn‘t agree with Ned. She believes that the problem is unemployment. If the government cuts spending too much, people will fall into a vicious circle of more unemployment and fewer taxpayers to share the burden.
3) She agrees with Barbara. She believes that unemployment is a big problem,
especially in the big industrial cities. And the government isn‘t doing very much to help the big industries out.
4) He believes in the free market system rather than government regulation or
protection. He thinks that without a lot of government interference everything will be okay.
5) No, they think it‘s bad for the weak, the poor and the unprotected / it‘s bad for the underprivileged.
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape..
More and more money, come from somewhere, higher taxes and high prices
Task 9
Key
A: Answer the following questions.
1) The problem is whether or not the inner city—the core of most urban areas—will
manage to survive at all.
2) They moved to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room, and privacy.
3) As a result, suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside. Many cities began to
fall into disrepair. And many downtown areas existed for business only.
4) The result was that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more.
5) Because from the decision of the Taylors and many other young couples, we can see
that some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may
13
have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life.
B: Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) T
C. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1). Middle-class, neighborhoods
2) Crime, public transportation 3) housing construction costs, was allowed, constructed
Task 10
Key
A: Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) 54, 20, 1980, 70,000 2) 30, 1980 3) a newspaper article, to research the market 4) another few months, in April 1981, a 1,500 sq. ft 5) third, Canada, America, 20 percent, £ 1 million 6) 20, 70, 3
B. Decide whether the following statements are true or false
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T
C. Answer the following questions.
1) He was deeply involved in the present job and rather enjoyed himself. He thought the
shop was his own little baby and thought it was fun to serve behind the counter.
However, he also thought that there was a lot more hard work than he was used to; he
was working over the weekend doing his books. He called his old job ―boring trips to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC‖.
2) He thought that there was far more job satisfaction, and believed that he was making
money, rather than making money for other people. 3) He‘s about to diversify into commercial distribution of imported and domestically
produced wine and wines he‘s producing himself.
14
Task 11
Script
I could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran on to the platform and up to the train. Luckily, someone saw me coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the train was moving out of the station. ―Phew!‖ I thought. ―That was hard work!‖ I was sure the other passengers could hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I was in a cold sweat.
After a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other passenger. The compartment was full, but I was the only one standing. The people in the carriage turned their eyes away as they noticed me looking at them. All except one, a beautiful woman sitting in the corner. I saw her watching me in the mirror. Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had seen me running for the train: maybe this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say hello.
She spoke first, however. ―Would you like my seat?‖ she asked. ―You look rather ill.‖ That was the day on which I realized I was getting middle-aged.
15
Key to Unit 4 Literature
Task 1
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) They were orphans and had nobody to support them.
2) Each boy was given only one bowl of gruel for supper and no more—far from enough. 3) The boys were so hungry that they could not bear it any more. They decided that one of
them must ask the master for more gruel. Oliver Twist was chosen by casting lots. 4) He never thought that any boy would dare to ask for more food than the given portion.
Therefore, he was both surprised and angry on hearing Oliver‘s request. 5) He was struck on the head by the master and pushed out of the room. And for a week
Oliver remained prisoner in the cellar.
Task 2
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
1) F 2) F 3) T
B. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) d 2) b
Task 3
Key
A. Fill in the blanks or circle the right words in brackets to finish the brief introduction of the writer.
Lewis Carroll
mathematics, Oxford University Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,1865, Through the Looking-Glass, 1871
B. Answer the following question.
These stories are about a dream world in which Alice meets strange creatures and has interesting adventures.
Task 4
16
Key
Completer the following summary of the story.
closed the gates of their city and stayed behind the walls the Greeks, a huge wooden horse, hide inside it, the horse, they stopped, hid their ships Greek prisoner, the horse, The Greek soldiers, the wooden horse
Task 5
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) c 2) a
B. Answer the following question.
1) All the animals thought that he was the king of beasts. Actually he was a coward. He
was afraid of human beings and other big animals. He roared only to scare them away and never really hurt them.
2) Dorothy and her dog wanted to get back to Kansas. The Scarecrow wanted some brains
and the Tinman wanted a heart. The Lion wanted to have courage.
Task 6
Key
A. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) Civil War
2) first, equality 3) battlefields, bloodiest 4) ordinary
B. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) d 2) c
Task 7
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) A red, red rose that‘s newly sprung in June and the melody that‘s sweetly played in
tune.
2) He will love her till all the seas are dried and the rocks melt in the sun. His love will
last as long as the sands of life run (there is life on earth). 3) Yes, he is, and he will come back no matter how far it is.
17
B. Find the words that rhyme with the following words.
June— [tune] I—[dry]
sun [run] while—[mile]
Task 8
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) Tall stories, that is, unlikely ones.
2) Because he wanted to be a member of a certain club.
3) He went there because he was told that a lion came there each evening to drink water. 4) Sixteen times.
5) He killed sixteen lions.
Task 9
Key
Complete the following outline of the story.
I. a young prince who lived on land
A. rose to the surface of the sea and waited for the prince to come to her B. never came II. a witch
A. changed her fish‘s tail into a pair of human legs B. she gave the witch her tongue III. the prince‘s palace
A. her feet hurt terribly B. didn‘t love her
IV. a young princess A. dived back into the sea B. a spirit of the air and lived forever.
Task 10
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) b 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) a
B. Match the serial number of the five fables with the lessons drawn form each one of
them.
No. 1 [ e ] No. 2 [ b ]
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No. 3 [ a ] No. 4 [ d ] No. 5 [ c ]
Task 11
Key
Complete the following outline of the story.
I.
A. struck a rock and began to break up B. sank too C. had survived II.
A. he was tied very firmly by a large number of fine ropes
B. about forty little men shot at him with their arrows, which just like needles. C. the little men gave him all the bread, meat and wine they had III.
Was seven feet by three feet, equipped with twenty-two wheels and pulled by fifteen hundred little horses.
Task 12
Script
Aesop was a very clever man who lived in Greece thousands of years ago. He wrote many good fables. He was known to be fond of jokes. One day, as he was enjoying a walk, he met a traveler, who greeted him and said, ―Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall get to town?‖
―Go,‖ Aesop answered.
―I know I must go,‖ said the traveler, ―but I should like you to tell me how soon I shall get to town.‖
―Go,‖ Aesop said again angrily.
―This man must be mad,‖ the traveler thought and went on.
After he had gone some distance, Aesop shouted after him, ―You will get to town in two hours.‖ The traveler turned round in astonishment. ―Why didn‘t you tell me that before?‖ he asked.
―How could I have told you before?‖ answered Aesop. ―I did not know how fast you could walk.‖
19
Key to Unit 5 Education
Task 1
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) People‘s ideas on permanent education.
2) One is an ordinary ―man in the street‖. The other is an educational
psychologist.
3) The first person thinks this idea of permanent education is crazy. He
can‘t understand people who want to spend all their lives in school. The second person thinks that the idea of permanent education is
practical because people are never really too old to go on learning.
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) was, hated, stand, got out 2) all their lives
3) certain limits, age limits
Task 2
Key
A. Fill in the following chart.
Age Five
Schooling Nursery school The Infant‘s School The Junior School B. Answer the following questions.
1) He stayed there for a year.
2) He has faint, but very pleasant memories of it. He had fun and played games----including story-telling, drawing, singing and dancing.
3) He began to have more formal lessons and even worry about exams.
4) The exam was called the ―Eleven Plus‖. Students took the exam to see what kind
of secondary school they would get into.
Task 3
Key
A. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
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1) compulsory, the ages of 5 and 16, stated-funded, independent 2) 3) 4) 5)
available, at a nursery school, in the nursery class at a primary school preparatory, primary, aged 5 to 13
enter the state education system, at the age of 5, secondary school 7, 11, 13 or 16, gain admission at 11 or 13, the Common Entrance
Examination 6) one further year, Advanced Supplementary Examination, Advanced level examinations
7) classroom, laboratory, work independently, undertake research for projects 8) vocational, conventional
9) secondary education, with A-levels, further, higher B. Answer the following questions.
1) GCSE stands for the General Certificate of Secondary Education. It is normally taken at the age of 16.
2) Students usually study from 8 to 12 GSCE subjects over two years.
3) Some subjects take account of the work students do throughout the year, while
others are assessed entirely by examination.
Task 4
Key
A. Fill in the following chart.
Topic of This Discussion: Corporal Punishment Interviewees Position on This Topic For/ Against Argument(s)/Reason(s) It‘s difficult to teach children these days, when many of them know they won‘t get jobs. It‘s hard to control the class if you can‘t punish them. Against It always has been difficult to be a teacher. But you don‘t have to use violence. It‘s impossible to teach students about nonviolence and being good citizens when you are violent yourself. Against For It‘s impossible to teach the rest of the class if you have one student who constantly misbehaves. It‘s bad for the others.
B. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
1) F 2) F
21
Task 5
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Because the television program by that name can now be seen in many
parts of the world.
2) This program is very popular among children. Some educators object to
certain elements in the program. Parents praise it highly. Many teachers
also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from ‖Sesame Street‖ are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.
3) In order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly. 4)
1. The reasons may include the education theories of its creators, the
support by both government and private businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks.
2. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch ―Sesame
Street‖ along with their children. This is partly because famous adult
stars often appear on ―Sesame Street‖.
3. The best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes
every child watching it feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more.
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) six million, regularly, half, economic, racial, geographical 2) fifty, Spanish, Portuguese, German, one hundred thousand, English, every two weeks 3) songs, stories, jokes, pictures, numbers, letters, human relationships.
Task 6
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) It is to have all public schools connected to the Internet computer
system and have computers available for the students.
2) Its web site provides information about the school, the teachers and
their mail addresses. It also lists student events and organizations. 3) They learn numbers and letters. They also learn how to use the
computers they will need later in their education.
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) 1994, 35 percent, Last year, 89 percent
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2) universities, colleges, urge, require
Task 7
Key
A. Fill in the blanks in the following summary of the passage.
I. spoken
A. saying poetry aloud, giving speeches B. advanced degrees, field of study, custom, candidates, doctor‘s degree
II. written A. nineteenth B. the great increase in population, the development of modern industry C.
1. objective, fact, personal opinions memory of facts and details, range of knowledge, a fairer chance, easier, quicker learning
2. essay, long answers, broad general questions
the element of luck, put facts together into a meaningful whole really knowing much about the subject, have trouble expressing their ideas in essay form, examiner‘s feelings at the time of reading the answer III.
unsatisfactory, along with
B. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence. b
Task 8
Script
Americans know that higher education is the key to the growth they need to lift their country, and today that is more true than ever. Just listen to these facts. Over half the new jobs created in the last three years have been managerial and professional jobs. The new jobs require a higher level or skills.
Fifteen years ago the typical worker with a college degree made 38 percent more than a worker with a high school diploma. Today that figure is 73 percent more. Two years of college means a 20 percent increase in annual earnings. People who finish two years of college earn a quarter of a million dollars more than their high school counterparts over a lifetime.
23
Key to Unit 6 Work
Task 1
Key
A. Rearrange the following things Laura did in the correct order..
[d]—[b]—[a]—[e]—[c]
B. Choose the best answer to the following question.
a
Task 2
Key
A. Choose the best answer to the following questions. 1) a 2) b 3) d 4) c
B. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
1) T 2)T 3) F
C. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
wondered, television plays, exciting, every cigarette lighter, tape recorder, held in a certain way, the touch of a gold ring against the hand of, How wrong they were
Task 3
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. Names Ideal Careers Sailor Farmer(if she were a man) Civil engineer Racing driver or explorer B. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) d
24
Task 4
Key
Fill in the missing words in the summary of the passage..
I. correspondent, columnist A. may not need either
B. to go to places where events take place and write stories about them II. first, bigger, better who will soon leave to work for other people
III. working hours, free time, work long hours to begin with
Task 5
Key
A. Choose the best answer(s) to the following questions. 1) acd 2) abc
B. Write briefly about why Sylvia is not promoted.
1) she is the wrong sex 2) she wears the wrong clothes
Task 6
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. Former Jobs When Laid-off
Car salesman Recently Why Laid-off Low sales, due to the increase of interest rates Plant moved to Singapore where workers are paid much less Worker at a vacuum 10 months ago cleaner plant B. Find the information that concerns the two speakers.
[ bcd ] [ ae ]
C. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the
tape.
1) F 2) F
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Task 7
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the
tape.
1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) F
B. Answer the following questions.
1) According to the first speaker, it is frustrating because the teacher cannot see clearly the results of his efforts.
2) According to the second speaker, English language teaching is a good job, because it
guarantees a stable income and regular working hours and means less pressure. He also likes the way elderly teachers are.
Task 8
Key
Fill in the following two charts on the different opinions of Michael and Chris.
The interview with Michael: No. The work he used to do was not what interested him and what he likes to do cannot earn him enough money to support himself. 1) You do not have to get up if you don‘t feel like it. 2) You can spend your time on the things you want to do. He believes he does things which are enjoyable for him and useful to people and the community.
The interview with Chris:
Very little value other than supporting oneself and one‘s family. 1) It is a bread-winning process. 2) The activities in it can be valuable to society. He thinks it harmful to both the environment and the society, for cars add to pollution and consume the scarce resources. He thinks it a valuable job in any society. He is perhaps a university teacher. He regards his job a ―white collar‖ job, which he does with his mind and receives mental satisfaction from it. 26
Task 9
Key
A. Fill in the following chart on the result of the survey.
Interviewees
Like their jobs (percent) 91 84 70 88 92 87 91 Dislike their jobs (percent) 5 12 20 9 8 8 5 Like jobs in part (percent) 4 4 6 3 0 4 3 B. Write down, in note form, the interviewees’ answers to the following questions.
1)
No major changes. For some →‖less paperwork‖ Some: → Less working hours Others: → Earn more money 2)
Most adults → would go on working
Esp. young adults (18 to 24) → 9 out of 10 would go on working.
Task 10
Key
A. Fill in the following chart to show Cathy and her mother’s different opinions.
According to Mother Very bright Music and dancing Teacher or vet According to Cathy Reasonably intelligent Tennis and swimming, talking to people Hairdresser B. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the tape.
1) F 2) T
C. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) b 2) a
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D. Answer the following questions.
1. She really enjoyed meeting new people.
2. She had good qualifications in English and Maths.
3. She did not mind hard work, even if it was not always pleasant. 4. She liked living away from home.
Task 11
Script
I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The station‘s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Youth Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.
I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books I drove to the rinks where the skater trained, and made notes about our conversation. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.
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Key to Unit 7 People
Task 1
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) Because he wrote an astonishing number of books. 2) Mankind would have to create a world state.
3) No.
4) Cities were destroyed by bombs dropped from aeroplanes.
5) Any two of the following: The War in the Air, The First Men in the
Moon, ,The Time Machine, and The Invisible Man. 6) Events forecast in Well‘s books might come true.
Task 2
Key
A. Choose the best answer to the following question.
1) b 2) c 3) c 4) a
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) tall, narrow, large, tousled 2) surveyed, half-closed 3) taking along stride
4) capable, flexible, still life 5) faded, frayed 6) titled his head, smiled, walked forward, with a flourish
Task 3
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the tape.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4)F 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) T
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape .
1) dramatic sunsets and sunrises 2) 1830s, 1840s, impressionistic 3) reds, oranges, 1820
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The Most Important of All Human Qualities is a Sense of Humor
Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose.
In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor.
Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin‘s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, ‗Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.‘
A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is
30
always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lopsided view of things.
This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion.
They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver‘s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can‘t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is no wonder that in totalitarian regimess any satire against the Establishments is wholly bannde. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish. The sense of humor must be singled out as man‘s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative – these are qualities
31
we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
Task 4
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) A natural curiosity / A good interviewer is one who likes meeting people and wants to
find out about them. 2) A curious kind of affinity with people, and an ability to get on well with people. 3) Because television depends a lot on the director getting the right shot.
4) By research ./ By knowing more about the guest than they‘ve forgotten about
themselves.
5) All. / Every ounce of research.
6) Because Mitchum rarely said anything.
7) Because very often the interviewees spin off into areas that the interviewer has never
thought about and sometimes it‘s worth pursuing. 8) A traffic cop.
9) Talent, ambition and energy.
Task 5
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. Wangari Maathai Nobel Peace Prize(twelfth, first) Peace on earth depends on our ability to secure our living environment
Green Belt Movement Kenyan 64 the United States, Kenya earn a doctorate degree animal science 32
environment, natural resources and wildlife B. Complete the following summary of the Green Belt Movement.
1977, plant trees all over Africa, thirty million seeds, nurseries, communities, planting, taking care of the trees, survives, fuel
Task 6
Key
Note-taking: Fill in the missing words in the following note.
I.
A. Norway B. the United States II.
A. a lack of balance, inflation, recession B. low interest rates & increased government spending, higher interest rates C. low employment , high inflation
D. high employment , low inflation (the time consistency problem) III.
A. business cycles B. new-technology C. market corrections
D. an increase in oil prices
Task 7
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) It was originally released in local newspaper in serial form.
2) The two short, little sections are easily doable, and then you get hooked on the story
and wonder what‘s happening next.
3) Through mail and twice a month.
4) Because the book opens on Christmas Eve and it has a strong message about family. 5) 5,600
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.. 1) 1860, London, in suspense 2) adventures, love and betrayal, a poor orphan
33
3) any likeness of either of them, photographs, their tombstones 4) Industrial Revolution, altering daily life 5) profound change, fundamental values
Task 8
Key
Complete the following summary of the passage.
the ability to laugh, luxury, unifying force, disagree, ideological factions , political camps, a sense of humour, a universal appeal
a correct sense of values, taking ourselves too seriously, tragedy and comedy irony, satire, redress the balance, arrogant politicians, absurdity, powerful laughter, happiness, uniquely human, key
Task 9
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. 2) The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
3) Studies for Leonardo‘s most famous paintings, and the results of new research into such subjects as Leonardo‘s patrons, his teachers, and the work of his pupils. 4) Because they are particularly sensitive to light and temperature. 5) Because drawings are difficult to see in a museum.
B. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the tape.
1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T
C. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) Master Draftsman, artistic apprenticeship, 1470s, scientist, inventor, France, 1519 2) artist, scientist, theorist, teacher, Renaissance Man 3) revealing, rationalizing, the mysteries of o the world, the great depths of human emotion, convincing 4) magical sense, draws , creates, greatest personalities
34
5) reassuring , cajoling, security, insurance, the general public, knowledge Task 10
Script
Thomas Edison was often said to be the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of history who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy just because someone said he was a genius. ―There is no such thing as Genius,‖ Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work.
But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.
Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people would do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they did not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking could give men enjoyment and pleasure.
35
Key to Unit 8 News (I)
Task 1
Key
A. Fill in the blanks to complete the news leads.
1) interest rates, third time 2) shrunk, first time 3) A fall, employment 4) higher
B. Fill in the following chart. News Items
Figures 1) 0.25,percent, 5.5 percent 2) 0.25 percent, 5 percent four tenths of 1 percent (0.4 percent) two points 1 percent , 89 ; 10,205 Possible Causes or Effects inflation More jobs under control Task 2
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the tape.
1) F 2) F 3) T
B. Complete the following summary based on the two news items.
manned, third, the Soviet Union, a person, Shenzhou V, the Gobi Desert,Inner Mongolia, Thursday, 14, about 20, importance, modernity
36
Task 3
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) d 2) b 3) a 4)a
B. Fill in the blanks with the information you hear on the tape.
1) ban, marketing campaigns 2) tobacco taxes 3) substances 4) Health warnings 5) treatment programs 6) Education 7) secondhand smoke
Task 4
Key
A. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
values, community, national pride, problems, solutions economic stability, welfare reform, crime, left and right, new politics
Task 5
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) b 2) c
B. Draw lines to match the Peace Prize winners and the contributions they
made to building peace in the world.
Winners Contributions
1) Women‘s Road to Peace a) Worked to support human rights and
women‘s rights in Pakistan
2) Leitana Nehan Women‘s b) Organized protest against violence,
Development Agency aggression and war
3) Women in Black c) Helped rebuild Rwanda after the mass killings in 1994
4) Flora Brovina d) Organized the League of Albanian
Women of Kosovo, and taught emergency
37
medical skills to people in Kosovo
5) Asma Jahangir & Hina Jilani e) Organized protests against the violence
between rebel groups and the Colombian government
6) Venerada Nzambazamariya f) Helped in the peace process between the
military and rebel forces in Papua New Guinea
C. Answer the following questions.
1) The award recognizes women‘s actions in building peace, protecting
women‘s human rights and supporting community life during and after war.
2) Because women can play a very important role in re-establishing
normal community life after peace has been reached.
Task 6
Key
News Item 1
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Because of the outbreak of dengue fever. 2) More than 80,000.
3) Severe headaches, fever and vomiting.
4) He considers it his government‘s biggest political weakness.
News Items 2
B. Answer the following questions.
1) The EU has banned all imports of animal products from the Netherlands. 2) The Dutch government has confirmed four cases of foot-and-mouth
disease. 3) Only Britain and France have been affected by the disease.
4) Officials have seized some sheep suspected of having mad cow disease.
Task 7
Key
Part One
A. Write down what the names refer to in the news.
1) correspondent 2) a Jamaican town 3) the cruise liner 4) an island in the Caribbean 5) the Royal Navy vessel
38
6) the hurricane B. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the
tape.
1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) T
C. Imagine a friend of yours is a passenger on the ship. Work in pairs and
discuss what you think may happen to him or her. Then listen to the second part of the programme, and find out if you are right.
Part Two
D. Answer the following questions.
1) Yes.
2) They had thought the ship would sink, so they went there for shelter. 3) No.
4) The Royal Navy frigate Steadfast would take them off the island. 5) No. Apart from a few minor injuries there were no casualties.
Task 8
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) c 2) c 3) a
B. Fill in the following chart. Countries Attitudes Towards the Treaty
Signed, withdrawn, weaken / harm American economy push / persuade flexible, plant more trees, pollution, weaker foreign investment, clean Task 9
Key
Fill in the missing words in the outline.
I.
September 19th three days
child activists, non-governmental organizations, A. actions 1.
39
2. a good education for all children 3. the chance for all children to become an important part of their communities B. the progress
II.
seventy-one heads of state and government
a treaty aimed at improving the lives of children around the world the rights of children III.
(former) world leader, creators A. educating children B. protecting them from war C. fighting AIDS get involved, take action, and work for change
Task 10
Script
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says hunger kills millions of people each year—especially children. The UN organization says millions more people will die unless more money is invested to fight against hunger.
This is based on the results of a new UN study called ―The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2002‖. It found that more than nine million people die each year from huger. Six million of them are children younger than age five. Researchers also found that the number of starving people is growing in some parts of the world.
The report says that about eight hundred and forty million people around the world are not getting enough food to eat. Ninety-five percent of these people are in developing countries.
40
Key to Unit 9 Language
Task 1
Key
Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) the campus hero
the women‘s track coach 2) the class started before I got here 3) some camera film
will develop 4) cloudy
the glass is a little dirty 5) a symbol of happiness
wear black
Task 2
Key
Fill in the following chart. Speakers Preferences Reasons Melodic; easy on the ear; poetic; a rhythm to the language; rounded; no sharp, jagged edges; pleasing Dane speaking English French speaking English Beautiful, low, sensitive, very soft quality Nice pronunciation of ―h‖ and ―th‖; very nice, steady rhythms; gentle; lyrical
41
Mediterranean culture; gives English life; beautiful mixture of the serious Northern European and the Southern European Makes her smile; sing-songy; makes her want to imitate Swedish accent
Task 3
Key
Complete the following summary of the passage.
spelling, meaning, history
a slab of ham, a lump of bread, a hunk of something to eat
a strong man, a book of maps, the top bone of the neck, Olympians, holding the sky on his head and hands, sixteenth, on the cover of a book of maps blessing, I hope you will have a good night
day‘s eye, it has a little golden eye, like a tiny sun, the English daisy closes at night, the English loved their daisies
Task 4
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F
B. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1) b 2) c 3) a 4) c 5) c
Task 5
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) A mother is leaving instruction with her babysitter before going out.
2) Wake up; give her the dummy; give her a cuddle; sing to her; read her a story; go back to
sleep.
3) Two friends are talking about their holiday together.
4) It reminds…of…holiday; city; wine; good food; tower; view; walking along the river;
paintings; I love…; I like…; I remember…
5) Two women are meeting at a doctor‘s waiting room.
42
6) It‘s diagnosed; have another look; do something about…; go away; give…for…; it‘s
your turn.
Task 6
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1) c 2) a 3) b 4) c
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T
Task 7
Key
Complete the following outline of the passage.
Body language
1. statements, non-verbal communication, small facial expressions, hand gestures and body movements that we make to express our feelings 2. our facial expressions and gestures are automatic and unconscious most of the time we paid conscious attention to the hidden messages in body language facial, body 2.1 Facial expressions capable of ―saying‖ things Eyes Wide eyes fear Suggestions We have to see gestures in or combination. Note Wonderfully pleased tight lips, and the head pushed forward Fatigue, indifference a lowered tilt of the head, a fluttering of the eyelids Our interest in a subject boredom Eyebrows Both up Frown of scowl 43
Signal Flags Doubt, disbelief of uncertainty
Lips Baring the teeth just on one side or pull the lips tightly across the teeth Tuck the lower lip into out mouth and bite it Dry mouth I‘m not happy because I‘m not getting what I want Stress or anxiety Both Nonverbal and Verbal Messages 2.2
by the deaf The Routine Hand Language The clenched fist beating in the air Tension or anxiety Message To accuse someone I give up, I surrender Tilt the hand and palm down and extend the arm Clap hands Blessing, love and giving
Bring our finger to our lips; scratch of rub our heads; slap our heads; take our head in both hands to sort of clear our minds 3
A sampling of; we pull an ear; we cross our legs; who don‘t communicate with body language ;writers; frowns, scratches his chin, slaps his head, purses his lips, stares at the ceiling and throws up his arms
Task 8
Script
In contemporary English, there are many reported differences in the talk of males and females. In same gender pairs having conversations, women generally discuss their personal feelings more than men. Men appear to prefer non-personal topics such as sport and news. Men tend to respond to an expression of feeling or problems by giving advice or solutions, while women are more likely to mention personal experiences that match or connect with the other woman‘s. There is a pattern documented in the American English social context of women cooperating and seeking connection via language, whereas men are more competitive and concerned with power via language. In mixed-gender pairs having conversations, the rate of men interrupting women is substantially greater than the reverse. Women are reported to use more
44
expressions associated with tentativeness, such as ―hedges‖ (sort of; kind of) and ―tags‖ (isn’t it? don’t you?), when expressing an opinion: Well, erm, I think that golf in kind if boring, don’t you?
Key to Unit 10 History
Task 1
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. Names of the States Brave Men At the Long River Mouth Homeland Meanings B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) F 3) T
Task 2
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Probably between 2000 B.C. and 1400 B.C. 2) About four tons.
3) They might have been sent on rivers and rolled over land on tree trunks. 4) By hand.
Task 3
Key
45
Fill in the following chart. Time Descriptions People who hunted animals. Animals they wanted to catch and kill. On the walls of caves in France and Spain. Perhaps pictures had a magic purpose; perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals; or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures. The Egyptians and other people in the Near East. Things and ideas, and also the sounds of their language. By putting picture-writing and pictures together. People who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea. Because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Romans. Drawings, photographs, sighs and diagrams.
Task 4
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) In the 11th century A.D. 2) A little over 16,000.
3) A centre of the wool trade. 4) Almost a thousand years.
5) 900 square metres. 6) The Netherlands. 7) 96 meters.
8) Salisbury Cathedral in the west of England.
Task 5
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) During the 18th and early 19th centuries.
2) The harnessing of a whole range of newly devised machinery: first to water wheels and
later to a completely new source of power----steam.
3) Large factories replaced small workshops and craftsman‘s cottages.
4) Because people wanted to transport goods and raw materials more cheaply and efficiently. 5) Less than 100 years.
6) Industrial sites have been restored, buildings saved and machinery preserved.
46
Task 6
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) F
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) religious ceremonies, market places
2) grow more and more food, noisy and polluted, water pollution 3) a civil war, environmental reasons Task 7
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) More than three thousand. 2) To predict the future.
3) They saw nature as numerous gods using magic, and called their gods gui-shen, a word for ghost or spirit.
4) They believed that the gods could exercise either benevolent or malevolent magic, and
they attempted to bribe the gods.
5) Because they believed that if offerings to the dead were discontinued, the spirits of the dead would become lost and starving ghosts who, in revenge, might do evil.
6) One of the reasons was males alone were allowed to perform rituals at gravesites.
Task 8
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. 600 1657 1900 Clocks Through Time sundials, candles, water clocks grandfather clocks minute and second hands electric clocks B. Answer the following questions.
1) Someone was inspired by shadows moving around trees as the sun moves across the
47
sky.
2) Candles had to be remade, and water clocks had to be refilled.
3) Because the clocks were beautifully decorated and people were not concerned about
knowing the exact time.
4) Because the weight on the pendulum could be moved up or down to make the clock go
faster or slower.
5) Digital clocks do not have faces or hands. They tell the time with a set of numerals that
appear in a little window.
Task 9
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) F 7)T
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) London, Paris, geological difficulties, crowded, rocky 2) the height of the skyscrapers, anything but flat 3) dug a trench, laid the rails 4) unskilled laborers, Irish, Italian, specialists 5) explosives, rubble, framing, deadly
Task 10
Script
The University of Oxford, situated in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge are sometimes referred to collectively as Oxbridge. The two universities have a long history of competition with each other and they are the two oldest and most famous universities in England.
The date of Oxford‘s foundation is unknown, and indeed it may not have been a single event, but there is evidence of teaching there as early as 1096. When Henry II of England forbade English students to study at the University of Paris in 1167, Oxford began to grow very quickly. The foundation of the first halls of residence, which later became colleges, dates from the period and later. Following the murder of two student accused of rape in 1209, the University was disbanded, and this led to the foundation of the University of Cambridge. In 1214, the University returned to Oxford with a charter, and the University‘s status was formally confirmed.
48
Key to Unit 11 Nature
Task 1
Key
A. Answer the following questions
1) It had quite a warm climate then.
2) About 150 million years ago, Gondwanaland began to break up, and the Antarctic
moved southwards until it reached its present position. 3) 99 percent of the total area of Antarctica is covered by a massive ice sheet.
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) Africa, Australia 2) small dog, (former) land connection, plants 3) penguin
Task 2
Key
Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1) c 2) a 3) b 4) a
Task 3
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1). Because until 1980, it had been quiet for more than a hundred years. 2) It was strange. No birds were singing, and the air was still.
3) He was standing near the summit and reporting the eruption on radio.
B. Complete the following summary of the passage.
Washington, 35, 1980, 123, recreation, summit
49
tremors, eruptions, no danger 1980, dust, ash, rocks, mud, 40 peaceful, empty
Task 4
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Mrs.Rakel Surlien is the Norwegian Minister of Environmental Protection, and she is about to begin a three-day visit to Britain. 2) Britain.
3) Britain insists the case against acid rain in general and its contribution in particular is
far from proven. Britain insists that neither the disastrous effects of acid rain nor Britain‘s responsibility in the issue has been proven. 4) Sweden
5) It refers to a group of some 20 nations which are committed to reducing sulfur dioxide by a third
6) Norway is against Britain in the dispute over acid rain in spite of its cordial approach
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) fish, aquatic life, forest 2) power stations 3) remain isolated
Task 5
Key
Complete the following sentences with the information you hear on the tape
1) four out of five, survive, rosy, forest flower, for centuries 2) 2000, fight cancer, 40, wildlife, the rainforest 3) drugs, a South American tree, blood pressure, the snakeroot plant from Indian forests. 4) foods, tropical forests, winged bean 5) rubber, oils, one, examined, 99, threatened
Task 6
Key
50
A. Answer the following questions.
1) A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, and the
moon‘s shadow covers part of the Earth.
2) A solar eclipse has occurred at Christmas only 30 times during the past 5000 years,
the last time in 1954. 3) The (retina of the) eye can be permanently damaged.
4) It works by projecting the sun‘s image on a piece of paper through a pinhole on another piece.
5) The next eclipse at Christmas will occur in 2307; it can be observed on the west
coast of Africa.
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) F 3) T
Task 7
Key
A. Complete the following sentences about the changes in packaging.
1) pottery, metal 2) large cities, food production. 3) the late 1950s, borrow, returnable, one-trip 4) pots, pans
B. Answer the following questions
1) Because the food must be shipped from place to place when it is produced, and
because of the increased variety of foods available and the convenience of precooked meals, it is impossible for the customer to collect many foods in his own container. 2) Until the late 1950s Americans had to borrow soft-drink bottles by paying a deposit
each time they bought one.
3) Yes, because sales of soft drinks climbed.
4) Glass companies gave soft-drink sellers a helping hand. A US company, Consumer‘s
Glass, made an arrangement with the bottler companies to reimburse them for much of the cost of one-trip bottles.
5) Aluminium food packages now have their own electric plugs. After you eat the food, you can just throw them away.
6) The writer is mildly criticizing the trend toward one-trip living and thinks it probably
has gone too far.
Task 8
Key
Fill in the following chart about the Roots & Shoots programme.
1991 51
Jane Goodall environmental, humanitarian More than 4000 groups in 68 countries animals, environment, communities creep underground everywhere, break through brick walls to reach light, all the problems
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) F 2) F 3) T
Task 9
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco.
2) It‘s San Francisco‘s world-famous landmark.
3) Because of the gap between the amount of cars and amount of roadway available. Or:
If you think of it as a supply / demand relationship, you‘ll find that there‘s a lot more demand than supply.
4) Texas Transportation Institute.
B. Complete the findings of the Urban Mobility Report according to the tape.
1) 85 2) 62, Los Angeles(136), Seattle, Houston, New York, Miami (69) 3) Bigger cities, roadway, transit system 4) expensive, $68 billion
Task 10
Key
Complete the following outline of the passage.
I.
A. common poor housing, unemployment, traffic problems
B. peculiar 1. infrastructure 2. urbanization II.
A. Migration B. Depopulation, decrease
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rise C. urban population growth rate 1.adults
2. large families D. social services
health, education E. labor supply low-productivity III
A. (Promote a) more equal land distribution B. Improve rural social services, health, education
C. (Give) financial aid to agriculture, small landowners
Task 11
Script
Planet Earth is 4,600,000,000 years old. If we condense this time span we can compare it to a person 46 years old. Only at the age of 42 did the Earth begin to flower. Dinosaurs and the great reptiles did not appear until one year ago, when the planet was 45. Mammals arrived only eight months ago, and in the middle of last week human-like apes developed into ape-like humans, and last weekend the last ice age covered the Earth.
Modem man has been around for 4 hours. During the last hour agriculture was discovered. The Industrial Revolution began a minute ago. Since then, we have multiplied our numbers to plague proportions, caused the extinction of 500 species of animals, turned the planet upside down in the search for fuels, and now we stand, arrogant with power, on the edge of a war to end all wars, and close to effectively destroying this oasis of life in the solar system.
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Key to Unit 12 Geography
Task 1
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Olmsted wanted the park to be a rural paradise within an urban area, a place for all ―rich and poor, young and old‖.
2) East Side Central Park was opened in 1876
3) Because this part of Fifth Avenue has many museums which used to be mansions
built soon after the opening of East Side Central Park by wealthy New Yorkers. 4) Central Park West is the street on the western side of the park. It has large and unusual apartment buildings.
5) People laughed because they believed that nobody with money would live in an
apartment house, especially when it was so far from the center of town. ( It was just like the Dakotas, which are located in the western part of the United States.)
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) in the middle of, in the 1850s, landscape architect 2) explore, renting a bicycle, gardens, a zoo, a skating rink, old-fashioned, a lake, an
outdoor theater 3) The Metropolitan Museum of Art 4) famous residents
Task 2
Key
A. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) twelve miles, several hundred, eight hundred thousand 2) over a thousand 3) far, grander, bigger
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
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1) F 2) T 3) T
Task 3
Key
Fill in the following chart Places Descriptions The weather is nice, and warm. And the people are lovely. I love swimming there. I like the purity of soul of the people there. They‘re the nicest, most direct, most unneurotic people that I‘ve ever met anywhere in the world Switzerland was grand The food was wonderful. The people were wonderful. The sun was wonderful, and the sea was wonderful. Cyprus is a lovely place. I was lucky enough to go there a couple of years ago. The thing that impressed me most of all were the people and how friendly they were. Task 4
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) The majority of Australians are of English, Irish, Italian, Greek, Dutch, and Polish
descent. Over the past 50 years, a large number of Asian and African immigrants have poured in. Besides, about one percent of the population is Aborigine.
2) Because much of the land in Australia, particularly in the Outback, is so arid that
people are unable to live there.
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) T
C. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) Make friends with, Explore, Marvel at, be awed by 2) vast, amazing, peaceful, unique 3) relax on our beautiful beaches, thousands of years ago, meet interesting people
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Task 5
Key
A. Write down the information about the people who had visited America before Columbus. Time Thousands of years ago People Routes Crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska and then moved though North America and on to South America A.D.459 A.D.986
Irish explorers Crossed the Pacific to Mexico Sailed from Iceland to America Lived for a time in Newfoundland in Canada but then returned to Greenland B. Answer the following questions.
1) Columbus thought he had arrived in the Indies ( the name then used for Asia) when he
arrived in the Bahamas.
2) It was named after another Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who was a friend of
Columbus‘ and who later explored the coastline of the New World.
C. Decide whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
T
Task 6
Key
A. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) a few hundred metres off the coast 2) 64,000 ; 8,000
B. Answer the following questions.
1) Because the population of Skye is getting smaller. Its young people are being tempted
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by mainland life and the chance of better jobs and better pay.
2) His plan is to build a bridge linking Skye with the mainland. He thinks this will bring
new work to the island, and stop people from going away from their homes.
3) Because they think that the bridge will bring in too many tourists and take away the
island‘s independence and character
C. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence.
c
Task 7
Key
A. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) parks, museums and shops, in the centre of, further out 2) 450
3) in the 16th century, in 1835
B. Fill in the following chart. Names Locations Characteristics Close to Buckingham Palace, and Very attractive, with a long, narrow lake, which is to the government offices in occupied by ducks and other water birds Whitehall Very close to the Palace Very bare Famous for the Serpentine-the lake, and for Speaker‘s Corner, where people can, and do, say anything about almost every subject under the sun In the southwest of London Next to Hyde Park There are still deer in there Very popular with both the old and the young. On warmer days there are always people at the Round Pond, where they come to sail their model boats Famous for its lake and its flowers, as well as for London Zoo. There is also an open-air theatre, where the public can see many of Shakespeare‘s plays in the summer months. Task 8
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) They are in the desert in southern Peru near the Nazca city. 2) The lines were discovered in the early 1930s.
57
3) Because the forms were so big, they were difficult to see from the ground, only
visible from the air. They were not discovered until aircraft flew over this region.
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
37 miles long, 1mile wide, straight lines, parallel, strange symbols, on a giant scale, 200B.C., 600A.D.
Task 9
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) It erupted on August 24th, 79 A.D.
2) 2,000
3) In Pompeii, there are lots of shops for clothes and shoes, and all kinds of food. The
city is also full of workshops. People make many things like tables, chairs and pots. There are hotels, restaurants and bars for all the summer visitors. There are theaters too.
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) F 2) T 3) F
Task 10
Key
Complete the following summary of the passage.
How did New York become America‘s largest city? geography, history, economics 1) Northeast, heavily, seaports 2) meet, raw materials, finished goods
3) 1815, the ports, the central regions of the country 4) the best solution, 1825
5) were cut to about one-tenth of what they had been, the leading city of the coast 6) the railroads, tied, even more closely 7) Exports, imports, were eager to, as a result, receiving people from European
countries, homes, goods, services, labor
Task 11
Script
London is one of the biggest cities in the world. It has a population of over 8 million. Some
58
people like it very much because there is a lot to do there and it is very interesting. There are hundreds of cinemas, theatres, museums and restaurants there. But other people don't like it because there is so much traffic and noise everywhere.
Brighton is a medium-sized town with a population of around 300,000. It is on the coast, about 50 miles from London. Of course it isn't as interesting as London, but the air is a lot cleaner and better. There are a few factories, but not many. It isn't very easy to find a good job there. But there are a lot of hotels and language schools in the town, and in the summer the town is full of tourists.
Key to Unit 13 Money
Task 1
Key
Answer the questions.
1) He was wearing rubber boots and a dirty jacket. He needed a haircut badly and was
unshaven.
2) Because it was hard for him to believe such a man could afford to buy sixteen expensive
cars.
3) He asked the young man to leave.
4) He went to a showroom on the other side of the street and asked for sixteen cars. 5) He took a bundle of notes out of his pocket and paid for the cars in cash.
6) He explained that the cars were for himself and his fifteen colleagues. He and his
colleagues worked on a Norwegian fishing-boat. They had all earned a lot of money that
season, and they wanted to buy cars.
Task 2
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) It is Victorian brass.
2) The stallholder says it‘s worth twenty quid.
3) The stallholder is asking fifteen for it. 4) It means ―pound‖.
5) He says that Lucy must be joking, and he paid more than that for it himself.￡
B. Write down the prices that the stallholder and Lucy suggest in the dialogue.
1) Fifteen, fourteen, thirteen, and twelve fifty. 2) Ten, eleven, twelve, and twelve fifty.
Task 3
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Key
A. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) make out 2) draw out 3) letters 4) ONLY, words 5) amount, numbers 6) last, signature
B. Fill in the check for Alex according to the information given on the tape. Cash Twenty pounds only ￡20—00 Task 4
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) $7.56 2) 3) 4) 5)
$0.6 for 8 percent sales tax $8.16 $10.16 2 bucks
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) tube, $1.09, bars, $.85, tube, $1.39,bottle, $.79, box, $.99, $.29, stick, $.98, tube, $.89,
package, $.69 2) Here‘s your change
Task 5
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) There are 10 denominations, namely $10,000, $5,000, $1,000, $500, $100, $50, $20, $10, $5 and $1.
2) They are the same size and the same green color.
3) The best bet is to forget the pictures and concentrate on the large numbers in all four
corners on the front and back.
4) There are five denominations of coins: $.01 or 1￠; $.05 or 5￠; $.10 or 10￠; $.25
60
or 25￠; and $.50 or 50￠.
5) No, they aren‘t. Because a dime is smaller than either a nickel or a penny.
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) $1, $5, $10, $20 2) White House, Treasury Building, Lincoln Memorial, ―ONE‖, American insignia 3) cash, bucks, dough, bread, moolah, greenbacks, a dollar, a single, a buck, a bill,
five dollars, a fiver, a five spot, five bucks, singles, a ten, ten bucks, ten spot
4) penny, cent, one cent, nickel, five cents, dime, ten cents, quarter, two bits, twenty-five cents, fifty-cent piece 5) change, small change, silver, silver
Task 6
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) It means that we don‘t carry most of our weekly or monthly wage around in our pockets,
and we don‘t leave it at home where it might easily be stolen. 2) Because we don‘t want to travel around the city with hundreds of dollars in cash to pay
bills, nor do we want to waste the time and carfare.
3) The author recommends an account that is a savings and a checking account in one. 4) Because often commercial banks have many offices in a city or town.
5) You sign your name on the back of the check, mark it ―for deposit only‖ and deposit the
money in your account.
6) It is generally about $4 per month or 15￠ for every check you write.
7) You should have received in the mail all your bills, such as rent, the gas and electricity, the phone, perhaps a doctor or dentist bill, etc.
8) You can use a small plastic card to tell the computer to transfer the same amount of
money from your savings to your checking account. 9) No, it doesn‘t
10) The computer will oblige as long as you have the amount you‘re asking for in your
account.
Task 7
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) F 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T
B. Answer the following questions.
1) The goods bought by hire purchase are, in almost every case, goods that will
last—radio and television sets, washing machines, refrigerators, motor-cars and
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motor-cycles, and articles of furniture.
2) It helps newly-married couples with small incomes to furnish their homes; increases
the demand for goods, and in this way helps trade and employment; and by hire purchase, families can spend less money, or perhaps no money, in useless or perhaps harmful ways, for example, on too much alcoholic drink. 3) There is the danger that when trade is bad, hire purchase buying may end suddenly
and make trade much worse, with, as a result, a great increase in unemployment.
Task 8
Key
A. If Helen Andrews had opened an account with the bank, the manager would have completed either Form A or Form B. Choose the correct form and fill it in according to the information you hear on the tape.
Form B CURRENT ACCOUNT FORM HELEN ANDREWS 33 BEDFORD ROAD LONDON E14 YES √ NO √ B. Answer the following questions.
1) The money comes from the premium bonds.
2) She has only had a post office savings account until now.
3) He thinks most people have current accounts if they have not got an awful lot of
money and they need to use it regularly. 4) Because the bank doesn‘t give a cheqeue card until one has had an account with the
bank for six months. 5) The fact that no one would accept her checks without a check card makes her
reconsider everything again.
Task 9
Key
A. Complete the following sentences according to the information given on the tape.
1) 100 pence
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2 ) 12 pence 3) 1 penny 4 ) ―two shillings‖ coin 5) one year 6) 1971 7) 1984 8) 1983, small
B. Fill in the following chart according to the information given on the tape.
Currencies in UK Since(year) 1970 1981 1971 1971 1971 1983 copper copper/nickel copper/nickel 50p 1/2p(before 1984) 1p Made of paper Largest Size ￡50 Smallest Size ￡5
Task 10
Script
An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man, and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon he had nothing left. Of course, when that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man who often helped people when they had troubles.
\"My money has finished and my friends have gone,\" said the young man. \"What will happen to me now?\"
\"Don't worry, young man,\" answered Nasreddin. \"Everything will soon be all right again. Wait and you will soon feel much happier.\"
The young man was very glad. \"Am I going to get rich again then?\" he asked Nasreddin. \"No, I didn't mean that,\" said the old man. \"I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends.\"
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Key to Unit 14 Science and Technology
Task 1
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1) a 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) b
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) animals, mice, rats, monkeys 2) mice 3) ongoing 4) healthy diet, amount 5) one, each day
Task 2
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) People keep fish in a certain place just as they keep sheep and cattle. 2) By education.
3) Waste pollutes the sea, and plankton dies. Other sea animals that live on plankton
cannot find enough food. 4) They needed to kill whales for their meat, their bones and the oil from their fat. But
they have other materials now.
B. Decide whether the speakers agree with the following ideas, and put a tick in the corresponding blank. Scientists Ideas
64
Adams Brown √ Church √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ C. Complete the chart for the seafood pyramid.
Smaller fish Zoo Plant
Task 3
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences
1) b 2) a 3) b 4) c
B. Fill in the blanks according to the information you hear on the tape.
1) Step1: Measure Step2: Mix Step3: Pour
Step 4: Put on Step 5: Pack
2) late sick vacations
strike 24 hours, 7days, 365days
C. Answer the following questions.
1) A worker will program the robots. She / He will type the orders into a computer,
telling the robots what ingredients to use, how long to mix them, and which labels to use.
2) A technician from the robot company will come within an hour to fix it 3) No
D. Discuss the following topic in class.
In your opinion, should the factory use robots to replace human workers?
Task 4
Key
A. Fill in the blanks in the first part of the passage with what you hear on the tape.
65
inventions, immediate, manufactured goods, growth, farms, grew up, coal, iron, pleasant, over-crowded
B. Complete the following outline of the second and third parts.
Part 2
Factory A. 1. Long 2. Low
B. common C. children Part 3
women and children A. 10 years old, mines B. 10 working hours/day for women and for boys under 18 C. form unions
C. Listen to the past part of the passage and answer the following questions.
1) Socialists demanded complete changes in the system of Government and the way
people earned their living. But other social reformers only wanted to achieve their goals by peaceful means,
particularly by passing new laws.
2) The Consequences of the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
Task 5
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) T 3)F 4) T 5) F 6) F 7) T 8) T
B. Discuss the following questions in pairs
1) Who is Miranda? 2) Who is Varon? 3) Who is Garth?
4) What has happened in the story before the scene? 5) What will happen after the scene?
Task 6
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
66
1) c 2) b 3) c
B. Take notes and fill in the following chart. Speakers Does she/he believe Why or why not? there is the monster in Loch Ness? No. If there are any monsters there, why hasn‘t anyone caught one yet? Why aren‘t there any really clear photos of one? He says he has seen it. Yes. He didn‘t believe in the He believes ―there may be something unusual in idea, but now he is not so Loch Ness:. sure. He says, ―The underwater world is still full of mysteries.‖ Task 7
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to
the tape.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T
B. Answer the following questions.
1) Dispute over the genetically modified crops.
2) Biotech foods come from material that has been genetically modified by scientists to resist insects or disease.
3) European consumers feared possible the health risks of these new foods.
4) First the foods must be labeled clearly. Second, producers will have to trace GMOs at
all stages of production.
5) Because the aid contained biotech grain, which Africans feared could be used a seed
and thereby threaten future exports to the EU.
Task 8
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
67
1) b 2) a 3) b 4)c
B. Answer the following questions.
1) It is the largest solar power station in the world.
2) They built two different types of power station side by side. They want to find which is
the best system for harnessing the power of the sun.
3) Water is converted to steam to drive the turbines in the usual way. 4) The sun often disappears.
C. Fill in the following chart. The First Power Station The Second Power Station 800, 95 percent, tower, 2,500, football stands, the sun, mirrors, computers, sun, 400, pipes, light, vacuum tube, steam, drive steam, drive a) The first power station uses fewer mirrors than the second. b) In the first power station, mirrors are arranged in a circle round a tower, while in the second station they are arranged on stands and reflect the light onto a second set of parabolic mirrors. The first power station uses concealed water pipes; the second uses pipes that are clearly visible in a vacuum tube. Task 9
Script
The future will not determine itself. The future is determined by the actions of the present day.
Edward Cornish, the editor of The Futurist magazine published by the World Future Society, says:
\"The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future--that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control. We ourselves build the future both through what we do and what we do not do.\" A novel way of teaching may change the way universities are run. An engineering teacher at the American University of Illinois has had great success without textbooks, without exams and without deadlines. His students won nine of the top ten engineering awards in a university competition.
The engineering professor, Ricardo Uribe, let his engineering students express themselves, instead of telling them what to do. His students all focused on the problems that interested them, not what their teacher told them. They worked their own hours, not hours set by the university. They did not have to sit tests, and they helped each other in open classes.
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Key to Unit 15 News (II)
Task 1
Key
Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
successor, the World Wars, drafted, existence General Assembly members, Headquarters, decision-making, budget permanent members, two-years terms, maintenance.
Task 2
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1) b 2) c 3) d 4) a
B. Answer the following questions.
1) Genocide means the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people. By the
word, Alacon implied many ordinary Cubans had become victims of the US embargo. Many people suffered or died, for they could not get imported food and medicine. 2) The US representative argued that the US embargo was a matter of bilateral trade
policy and the UN General Assembly had no right to adopt a resolution on this issue.
Task 3
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) Shelter for the Homeless
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2) a set of stamps/six stamps 3) building homes 4) a) information b) the UN c) governments, institutions, worldwide
Task 4
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. News Items 1 Participants Demonstrators Number of Place(s) Demands Demonstrators mainly Tens of thousands Paris and several Protest the level of other cities unemployment and call for higher welfare payments 2 Some groups rural e.g. interest A quarter of a Central London farmers, million Demand more government action to deal with the problems of the countryside long-term unemployed agriculture workers, hunters and village dwellers B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
News Item 1 1) T 2) F News Item 2
3) F 4) F
Task 5
Key
A. Fill in the following chart
The Olympic Medals Table Countries Gold 39 32 28 Number of Medals Silver Bronze 25 28 16 33 28 15 Total 97 88 59 B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to
70
the tape.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) F
Task 6
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) A strategic partnership agreement.
2) It strengthens ties between the two countries in a variety of areas including security cooperation, diplomatic activity at the UN and trade and finance. 3) A package of arms deals
4) First, they have agreed to an accord that will allow India to buy more diamonds from
Russia. Second, India will get some advanced nuclear technology from Russia for its nuclear power projects.
5) India hopes to reduce its dependence on imported oil.
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) tanks, fighter bombers, aircraft carrier 2) military hardware, three billion dollars 3) low, longstanding ties 4) importer, cutter, producer
Task 7
Key
Fill in the missing words in the summary of the news.
high, downturn, investment, reforms, terrorism, slowdown
7.3percent, 10, 8, similar, cars, houses, tours, internal, money, markets, barriers, domestic
Task 8
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. Year Events Charles Darwin, 5-year, the Southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Foreign Ministers, Allied, occupation zones, govern, 5 years Manned mission to the moon/Apollo 8, 6-day journey B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) invaluable, evolution, The Origin of the Species. 2) biological evolution, natural selection
71
3) split, Soviet forces, Americans 4) manned spacecraft, orbit
Task 9
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) He was a suspect in connection with the ―I Love You‖ computer virus that has damaged
millions of computers worldwide.
2) They seized the telephone, computer magazines and wiring. 3) No.
4) A Swedish teenager who was a computer whiz
Task 10
Key
A. Match each name in Column 1 with his/her corresponding position in Column 2.
Column 1 Column2
1) Tony Blair a) the BBC‘s former top executive 2) Gavin Davies b) the Culture Minister 3) Alex Salmond c) a Scottish national politician 4) Tessa Jowell d the Prime Minister
B. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences
1) c 2) b 3) d 4) a
C. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) fallen, criticise, sensitive, confidence 2) probe, question
3) independent, so, forward, principal, broadcaster, envied, cherished
D. Answer the following questions.
1) After the Kelly affair, the chairman and director general of the BBC resigned. The
British government has the right to appoint the new leaders for the BBC. Moreover, although the BBC is funded by the payments from people who have TVs, The government is beginning a charter review of the system. Thus some people fear the BBC could try to please the government because it relies on the renewal of the charter for its funding.
2) Alex Salmond questions the government‘s role in appointing senior executives for the
BBC. He doubts whether the government can be impartial on the matter when the chairman and director general of the BBC resigned after the affair.
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Tony Blair says the BBC should be independent and impartial by questioning and probing the government in every proper way.
Tessa Jowell insists that the BBC be constitutionally independent and continue to be so. For her, what is the most important is that the BBC, as the major public service broadcaster, continues moving forward after the affair.
Task 11
Script
Newspapers are one of the main sources from which we learn what is going on--in world politics, science, local government, the arts, fashion, food, education and sports. The papers we choose show our interests and usually the politics which we believe in. There are nine national daily newspapers in Britain, of which five are tabloids and four are quality papers. Do these newspapers really serve the people they are written for? Many people question the objectivity of newspapers. How objective are they? We might be better able to judge if we understand how a newspaper is produced. Reporters, of course, are the source from which the facts must come, but there are many other people who are involved in and influence newspapers.
73
Key to Unit 10 Hisyory
Task 1
Key
C. Fill in the following chart. Names of the States
Meanings Brave Men At the Long River Mouth Homeland 74
B. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F) according to the tape. 1)-3) TFT
Task 2
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Probably between 2000 B.C. and 1400 B.C. 2) About four tons.
3) They mighy have been sent on rivers and rolled over land on tree trunks. 4) By hand.
Task 3
Key
Fill in the lollowing chart. Time Descriptions People who hunted animals. Animals they wanted to catch and kill. On the walls of caves in France and Spain. Perhaps pictures had a magic purpose; perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals; or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures. The Egyptians and other people in the Near East. Things and ideas,and also the sounds of their language. By putting picture-writing and pictures together. People who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea. Because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Romans. Drawings, photographs, sighs and diagrams. Task 4
Key
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Answer the following questions. 1) In the 11th century A.D. 2) A little over 16,000.
3) A centre of the wool trade. 4) Almost a thousand years. 5) 900 square metres. 6) The Netherlands. 7) 96 meters.
8) Salisbury Cathedral in the west of England.
Task 5
Key
Answer the following questions.
7) During the 18th and early 19th centuries.
8) The harnessing of a whole range of newly devised machinery:first to water
wheels and later to a completely new source of power----steam. 9) Large factories replaced small workshops and craftsman‘s cottages.
10) Because people wanted to transport goods and raw materials more cheaply and
efficiently.
11) Less than 100 years.
12) Industrial sites have been restored, buildings saved and machinery preserved.
Task 6
Key
A.. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1)-6) TFTFTF
D. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) religious ceremonies, market places 2) grow more and more food, noisy and polluted, water pollution 3) a civil war, environmental reasons
Task 7
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) More than three thousand.
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2) To predict the future.
3) They saw nature as numerous gods using magic, and called their gods
gui-shen, a word for ghost or spirit.
4) They believed that the gods could exercise either benevolent or malevolent
magic, and they attempted to bribe the gods.
5) Because they believed that if offerings to the dead were discontinued, the
spirits of the dead would become lost and starving ghosts who, in revenge, might do evil.
6) One of the reacons was males alone were allowed to perform rituals at
gravesites.
Task 8
Key
B. Fill in the lollowing chart. Clocks Through Time sundials, candles, water clocks 600 1657 grandfather clocks minute and second hands 1900 electric clocks B. Answer the following questions.
1) Someone was inspired by shadows moving around trees as the sun moves
across the sky.
2) Candles had to be remade, and water clocks had to be refilled.
3) Because the clocks were beautifully decorated and people were not
concerned about knowing the exact time.
4) Bcause the weight on the pendulum could be moved up or down to make the
clock go faster or slower.
5) Digital clocks do not have faces or hands. They tell the time with a set of
numerals that appear in a little window.
Task 9
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Key
A.. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1)-7) FTFTFFT
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) London, Paris, geological difficulties, crowded, rocky 2) the height of the skyscrapers, anything but flat 3) dug a trench, laid the rails
4) unskilled laborers,Irish, Italian, specialists 5) explsives, rubble, framing, deadly
Task 10
The University of Oxford, situated in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. the universities of Oxford and Cambridge are sometimes referred to collectively as Oxbridge. the two universities have a long history of competition with each other and they are the two oldest and most famous universities in England.
The date of Oxford‘s foundation is unknown, and indeed it may not have been a single event, but there is evidence of teaching there as early as 1096. When Henry II of England forbade English students to study at the University of Paris in 1167, Oxford began to grow very quickly. the foundation of the first halls of residence, which later became colleges, dates from the period and later. Following the murder of two student accused of rape in 1209, the University was disbanded, and this led to the foundatio0n of the University of Cambridge. In 1214, the University returned to Oxford with a charter, and the University‘s status was formally confirmed.
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Unit 11 Nature
Task 1
Key
A. Answer the following questions 1) It had quite a warm climate then.
2) About 150 million years ago, Gondwanaland began to break up, and the
Antarctic moved southwards until it reached its present position.
3) 99 percent of the total area of Antarctica is covered by a massive ice sheet.
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) Africa, Australia 2) small dog, (former) land connection, plants 3) penguin
Task 2
Key
Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1)—4) caba
Task 3
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Because until 1980, it had been quiet for more than a hundred years. 2) It was strange. No birds were singing, and the air was still.
3) He was standing near the summit and reporting the eruption on radio.
B. Complete the following summary of the passage.
Washington, 35, 1980, 123, recreation, summit tremors, eruptions, no danger 1980, dust, ash, rocks, mud, 40 peaceful, empty
Task 4
Key
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A. Answer the following questions.
1) Mrs.Rakel Surlien is the Norwegian Minister of Environmental Protection, and she is about to begin a three-day visit to Britain. 2) Britain.
3) Britain insists the case against acid rain in general and its contribution in
particular is far from proven./ Britain insists that neither the disastrous effects of acid rain nor Britain‘s responsibility in the issue has been proven. 4) Sweden
5) It refers to a group of some 20 nations which are committed to reducing sulfur dioxide by a third
6) Norway is against Britain in the dispute over acid rain in spite of its cordial
approach
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.
1) fish, aquatic life, forest 2) power stations 3) remain isolated
Task 5
Key
Complete the following sentences with the information you hear on the tape
6) four out of five, survive, rosy, forest flower, for centuries 7) 2000, fight cancer, 40, wildlife, the rainforest 8) drugs, a South American tree, blood pressure, the snakeroot plant from Indian forests. 9) foods, tropical forests, winged bean 10) rubber, oils, one, examined, 99, threatened
Task 6
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun,
and the moon‘s shadow covers part of the Earth.
2) A solar eclipse has occurred at Christmas only 30 times during the past 5000
years, the last time in 1954
3) The (retina of the) eye can be permanently damaged.
4) It works by projecting the sun‘s image on a piece of paper through a pinhole
on another piece
5) The next eclipse at Christmas will occur in 2307; it can be observed on the
west coast of Africa
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B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape. 1)—2)TFT
Task 7
Key
A. Complete the following sentences about the changes in packaging.
1) pottery, metal 2) large cities, food production. 3) the late 1950s, borrow, returnable, one-trip 4) pots, pans B. Answer the following questions
1) Because the food must be shipped from place to place when it is produced,
and because of the increased variety of foods available and the convenience of precooked meals, it is impossible for the customer to collect many foods in his own container.
2) Until the late 1950s Americans had to borrow soft-drink bottles by paying a
deposit each time they bought one.
3) Yes, because sales of soft drinks climbed.
4) Glass companies gave soft-drink sellers a helping hand. A US company,
Consumer‘s Glass, made an arrangement with the bottler companies to reimburse them for much of the cost of one-trip bottles.
5) Aluminum food packages now have their own electric plugs. After you eat the
food, you can just throw them away.
6) The writer is mildly criticizing the trend toward one-trip living and thinks it
probably has gone too far.
Task 8
For the first listening, ask students to focus on the changes in packaging with the help of Exercise A. After checking the answers, explore the possible reasons behind each change, for which students can refer to what they‘ve heard on the tape or what they know about the topic.
Key
Fill in the following chart about the Roots & Shoots programme. 1991 Jane Goodall environmental, humanitarian
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More than 4000 groups in 68 countries Animals, environment, communities Creep underground everywhere, break through brick walls to reach light, all the problems
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape. 1)—3) FFT
Task 9
Key
A. Answer the following questions. 1) Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco.
2) It‘s San Francisco‘s world-famous landmark.
3) Because of the gap between the amount of cars and amount of roadway available.Or: If you think of it as a supply/ demand relationship, you‘ll find that there‘s a lot more demand than supply. 4) Texas Transportation Institute.
B. Complete the findings of the Urban Mobility Reprot according to the tape. 1) 85 2) 62, Los Angeles(136), Seattle, Houston, New York, Miami(69) 3) Bigger cities, roadway, transit system 4) expensive, $68 billion
Task 10
Key
Complete the following outline of the passage. I.
A. common, poor housing, unemployment, traffic problems B. peculiar, infrastructure, urbanization II.
A. Migration B. Depopulation, decrease, rise C. urban population growth rate, adults, large families D. social services, health, education E. labor supply, low-productivity III
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A. (Promote a) more equal land distribution B. Improve rural social services, health, education C. (Give) financial aid to agriculture, small landowners
Task 11
Planet Earth is 4,600,000,000 years old. If we condense this time span we can compare it to a person 46 years old. Only at the age of 42 did the Earth begin to flower. Dinosaurs and the great reptiles did not appear until one year ago, when the planet was 45. Mammals arrived only eight months ago, and in the middle of last week human-like apes developed into ape-like humans, and last weekend the last ice age covered the Earth.
Modem man has been around for 4 hours. During the last hour agriculture was discovered. The Industrial Revolution began a minute ago. Since then, we have multiplied our numbers to plague proportions, caused the extinction of 500 species of animals, turned the planet upside down in the search for fuels, and now we stand, arrogant with power, on the edge of a war to end all wars, and close to effectively destroying this oasis of life in the solar system.
Key to Unit 12 Geography
Task 1
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Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) Olmsted wanted the park to be a rural paradise within an urban area, a place for all ―rich and poor, young and old‖.
2) East Side Central Park was opened in 1876
3) Because this part of Fifth Avenue has many museums which used to be mansions built soon after the opening of East Side Central Park by wealthy New Yorkers.
4) Central Park West is the street on the western side of the park. It has large and unusual apartment buildings.
1) People laughed because they believed that nobody with money would live in
an apartment house, especially when it was so far from the center of town. ( It was just like the Dakotas, which are located in the western part of the United States.)
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) in the middle of, in the 1850s, landscape architect 2) explore, renting a bicycle, gardens, a zoo, a skating rink, old-fashioned, a lake, an outdoor theater 3) The Metropolitan Museum of Art 4) famous residents
Task 2
Key
A. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape. 1) twelve miles, several hundred, eight hundred thousand 2) over a thousand 3) far, grander, bigger
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
according to the tape. 1)—3) FTT
Task 3
Key
Fill in the following chart Places Descriptions The weather is nice, and warm. And the people are lovely. I love swimming there.
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I like the purity of soul of the people there. They‘re the nicest, most direct, most unneurotic people that I‘ve ever met anywhere in the world Switzerland was grand The food was wonderful. The people were wonderful. The sun was wonderful, and the sea was wonderful. Cyprus is a lovely place. I was lucky enough to go there a couple of years ago. The thing that impressed me most of all were the people and how friendly they were. Task 4
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) The majority of Australians are of English, Irish, Italian, Greek, Dutch, and Polish descent. Over the past 50 years, a large number of Asian and African immigrants have poured in. Besides, about one percent of the population is Aborigine.
2) Because much of the land in Australia, particularly in the Outback, is so arid that people are unable to live there.
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape. 1)—2) TT
C. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) Make friends with, Explore, Marvel at, be awed by 2) vast, amazing, peaceful, unique 3) relax on our beautiful beaches, thousands of years ago, meet interesting people
Task 5
Key
A. Write down the information about the people who had visited America before Columbus. Time People Routes Thousands of years ago Crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska and then moved though North America and on to South America A.D.459 Crossed the Pacific to Mexico Irish explorers Sailed from Iceland to America A.D.986 Lived for a time in Newfoundland in
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Canada but then returned to Greenland B. Answer the following questions.
1) Columbus thought he had arrived in the Indies ( the name then used for Asia) when he arrived in the Bahamas.
2) It was named after another Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who was a friend of Columbus‘ and who later explored the coastline of the New World.
C. Decide whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) according to the tape. T
Task 6
Key
A. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape. 1) a few hundred metres off the coast 2) 64,000 8,000
B. Answer the following questions.
1) Because the population of Skye is getting smaller. Its young people are being tempted by mainland life and the chance of better jobs and better pay.
2) His plan is to build a bridge linking Skye with the mainland. He thinks this will bring new work to the island, and stop people from going away from their homes. 3) Because they think that the bridge will bring in too many tourists and take away the island‘s independence and character
C. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence. c
Task 7
Key
A. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) parks, museums and shops, in the centre of, further out 2) 450 3) in the 16th century, in 1835
B. Fill in the following chart. Names Locations Characteristics Close to Buchingham Palace, Very attractive, with a long, narrow lake, which and to the government offices is occupied by ducks and other water birds
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in Whitehall Very close to the Palace Very bare Famous for the Serpentine-the lake, and for Speaker‘s Corner, where people can, and do, say anything about almost every subject under the sun There are still deer in there Very popular with both the old and the young. On warmer days there are always people at the Round Pond, where they come to sail their model boats Famous for its lake and its flowers, as well as for London Zoo. There is also an open-air theatre, where the public can see many of Shakespeare‘s plays in the summer months. In the southwest of London Next to Hyde Park Task 8
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) They are in the desert in southern Peru near the Nazca city. 2) The lines were discovered in the early 1930s.
3) Because the forms were so big, they were difficult to see from the ground, only visible from the air. They were not discovered until aircraft flew over this region.
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
37 miles long, 1mile wide, straight lines, parallel, strange symbols, on a giant scale, 200B.C., 600A.D.
Task 9
Key
A. Answer the following questions. 1) It erupted on August 24th, 79A.D. 2) 2,000
3) In Propeii, there are lots of shops for clothes and shoes, and all kinds of food. The city is also full of workshops. People make many things like tables, chairs and pots. There are hotels, restaurants and bars for all the summer visitors. There are theaters too.
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B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape. 1)—3) FTF
Task 10
Key
Complete the following summary of the passage. How did New York become America‘s largest city? geography, history, economics 1) Northeast, heavily, seaports 2) meet, raw materials, finished goods 3) 1815, the ports, the central regions of the country 4) the best solution, 1825 5) were cut to about one-tenth of what they had been, the leading city of the coast 6) the railroads, tied, even more closely 7) Exports, imports, were eager to, as a result, receiving people from European countries, homes, goods, services, labor
Task 11
London is one of the biggest cities in the world. It has a population of over 8 million. Some people like it very much because there is a lot to do there and it is very interesting. There are hundreds of cinemas, theatres, museums and restaurants there. But other people don't like it because there is so much traffic and noise everywhere. Brighton is a medium-sized town with a population of around 300,000. It is on the coast, about 50 miles from London. Of course it isn't as interesting as London, but the air is a lot cleaner and better. There are a few factories, but not many. It isn't very easy to find a good job there. But there are a lot of hotels and language schools in the town, and in the summer the town is full of tourists.
Key to Unit 13 Money
Task 1
Key
Answer the questions.
1) He was wearing rubber boots and a dirty jacket. He needed a haircut badly and was
unshaven.
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2) Because it was hard for him to believe such a man could afford to buy sixteen
expensive cars.
3) He asked the young man to leave.
4) He went to a showroom on the other side of the street and asked for sixteen cars. 5) He took a bundle of notes out of his pocket and paid for the cars in cash.
6) He explained that the cars were for himself and his fifteen colleagues. He and his
colleagues worked on a Norwegian fishing-boat. They had all earned a lot of money that season, and they wanted to buy cars.
Task 2
Key
A. Answer the following questions. 1) It is Victorian brass.
2) The stallholder says it‘s worth twenty quid. 3) The stallholder is asking fifteen for it. 4) It means ―pound‖.
5) He says that Lucy must be joking, and he paid more than that for it himself.￡
B. Write down the prices that the stallholder and Lucy suggest in the dialogue. 1) Fifteen, fourteen, thirteen, and twelve fifty. 2) Ten, eleven, twelve, and twelve fifty.
Task 3
Ask students to pay attention to the expression of numbers on a check.
Key
A. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape. 1) make out 2) draw out 3) letters 4) ONLY, words 5) amount, numbers 6) last, signature
B. Fill in the check for Alex according to the information given on the tape. Cash Twenty pounds only ￡20—00
Task 4
Key
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A. Answer the following questions. 1) $7.56
2) $0.6 for 8 percent sales tax 3) $8.16 4) $10.16 5) 2 bucks
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
1) tube, $1.09, bars, $.85, tube, $1.39,bottle, $.79, box, $.99, $.29, stick, $.98, tube, $.89, package, $.69 2) Here‘s your change
Task 5
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) There are 10 denominations, namely $10,000, $5,000, $1,000, $500, $100, $50, $20, $10, $5 and $1.
2) They are the same size and the same green color.
3) The best bet is to forget the pictures and concentrate on the large numbers in all four corners on the front and back.
4) There are five denominations of coins: $.01 or 1￠; $.05 or 5￠; $.10 or 10￠; $.25 or 25￠; and $.50 or 50￠.
5) No, they aren‘t. Because a dime is smaller than either a nickel or a penny.
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) $1, $5, $10, $20 2) White House, Treasury Building, Lincoln Memorial, ―ONE‖, American insignia 3) cash, bucks, dough, bread, moolah, greenbacks, a dollar, a single, a buck, a bill, five dollars, a fiver, a five spot, five bucks, singles, a ten, ten bucks, ten spot 4) penny, cent, one cent, nickel, five cents, dime, ten cents, quarter, two bits, twenty-five cents, fifty-cent piece 5) change, small change, silver, silver
Task 6
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) It means that we don‘t carry most of our weekly or monthly wage around in our pockets, and we don‘t leave it at home where it might easily be stolen.
2) Because we don‘t want to travel around the city with hundreds of dollars in cash to
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pay bills, nor do we want to waste the time and carfare.
3) The author recommends an account that is a savings and a checking account in one. 4) Because often commercial banks have many offices in a city or town.
5) You sign your name on the back of the check, mark it ―for deposit only‖ and deposit the money in your account.
6) It is generally about $4 per month or 15￠ for every check you write.
7) You should have received in the mail all your bills, such as rent, the gas and electricity, the phone, perhaps a doctor or dentist bill, etc.
8) You can use a small plastic card to tell the computer to transfer the same amount of money from your savings to your checking account. 9) No, it doesn‘t
10) The computer will oblige as long as you have the amount you‘re asking for in your account.
Task 7
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1)—5) FFTFT
B. Answer the following questions.
1) The goods bought by hire purchase are, in almost every case, goods that will last—radio and television sets, washing machines, refrigerators, motor-cars and motor-cycles, and articles of furniture.
2) It helps newly-married couples with small incomes to furnish their homes; increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps trade and employment; and by hire purchase, families can spend less money, or perhaps no money, in useless or perhaps harmful ways, for example, on too much alcoholic drink.
3) There is the danger that when trade is bad, hire purchase buying may end suddenly and make trade much worse, with, as a result, a great increase in unemployment.
Task 8
Key
A. If Helen Andrews had opened an account with the bank, the manager would have completed either Form A or Form B. Choose the correct form and fill it in according to the information you hear on the tape.
Form B CURRENT ACCOUNT FORM HELEN ANDREWS 33 BEDFORD ROAD
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LONDON E14 YES √ NO √ B. Answer the following questions.
1) The money comes from the premium bonds.
2) She has only had a post office savings account until now.
3) He thinks most people have current accounts if they have not got an awful lot of money and they need to use it regularly.
4) Because the bank doesn‘t give a cheqeue card until one has had an account with the bank for six months.
5) The fact that no one would accept her checks without a check card makes her reconsider everything again.
Task 9
Key
A. Complete the following sentences according to the information given on the tape.
1) 100 pence 2) 12 pence 3) 1 penny 4) ―two shillings‖ coin 5) one year 6) 1971 7) 1984 8) 1983, small
B. Fill in the following chart according to the information given on the tape. Currencies in UK Since(year) Made of Largest Size Smallest Size paper ￡50 ￡5 1970 1981 1/2p(before 1984) 1971 copper 50p 1971 1p 1971 copper/nickel
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1983 copper/nickel Task 10
An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man, and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon he had nothing left. Of course, when that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man who often helped people when they had troubles.
\"My money has finished and my friends have gone,\" said the young man. \"What will happen to me now?\"
\"Don't worry, young man,\" answered Nasreddin. \"Everything will soon be all right again. Wait and you will soon feel much happier.\"
The young man was very glad. \"Am I going to get rich again then?\" he asked Nasreddin.
\"No, I didn't mean that,\" said the old man. \"I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends.\"
Key to Unit 14 Science and Technology
Task 1
Call students‘ attention to the results of the experiments, and compare them. Suggest them to take notes about the differences in the weights, health conditions, and life span of the mice in different groups, and give particular attention to the comparatives ( the comparative and superlative degrees) in the recording.
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1)—5) acbab
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape. 1) animals, mice, rats, monkeys 2) mice 3) ongoing 4) healthy diet, amount 5) one, each day
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Task 2
Key
A. Answer the following questions.
1) People keep fish in a certain place just as they keep sheep and cattle. 2) By education.
3) Waste pollutes the sea, and plankton dies. Other sea animals that live on plankton cannot find enough food.
4) They needed to kill whales for their meat, their bones and the oil from their fat. But they have other materials now.
B. Decide whether the speakers agree with the following ideas, and put a tick in the corresponding blank. Scientists Adams Brown Church Ideas √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ C. Complete the chart for the seafood pyramid
Smaller fish Zoo Plant
Task 3
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 1)—4) babc
B. Fill in the blanks according to the information you hear on the tape. 1) Step1: Measure Step2: Mix Step3: Pour Step 4: Put on Step 5: pack 2) late, sick, vacation, strike, 24 hours, 7days, 365days
C. Answer the following questions.
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1) A worker will program the robots. She/He will type the orders into a computer, telling the robots what ingredients to use, how long to mix them, and which labels to use.
2) A technician from the robot company will come within an hour to fix it 3) No
D. Discuss the following topic in class.
In your opinion, should the factory use robots to replace human workers?
Task 4
Key
A. Fill in the blanks in the first part of the passage with what you hear on the tape.
inventions, immediate, manufactured goods, growth, farms, grew up, coal, iron, pleasant, over-crowded
B. Complete the following outline of the second and third parts. Part 2 Factory A. 1. Long 2. Low B. common C. children Part 3
women and children A. 10 years old, mines B. 10 working hours/day for women and for boys under 18 C. form unions
C. Listen to the past part of the passage and answer the following questions.
1) Socialists demanded complete changes in the system of Government and the way people earned their living.
But other social reformers only wanted to achieve their goals by peaceful menas, particularly by passing new laws.
2) The Consequences of the Industrial Revolution in Britain
Task 5
Key
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A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1)—8) TTFTFFTT
B. Discuss the following questions in pairs 1) Who is Miranda? 2) Who is Varon? 3) Who is Garth?
4) What has happened in the story before the scene? 5) What will happen after the scene?
Task 6
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1)—3) cbc
B. Take notes and fill in the following chart. Speakers Does she/he believe Why or why not? there is the monster in Loch Ness? No. If there are any monsters there, why hasn‘t anyone caught one yet? Why aren‘t there any really clear photos of one? Yes. He says he has seen it. He didn‘t believe in He believes ―there may be something the idea, but now he unusual in Loch Ness:. is not so sure. He says, ―The underwater world is still full of mysteries.‖ Task 7
Key
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1)—5) FTFFT
B. Answer the following questions.
1) Dispute over the genetically modified crops.
2) Biotech foods come from material that has been genetically modified by scientists to resist insects or disease.
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3) European consumers feared possible the health risks of these new foods.
4) First the foods must be labeled clearly. Second, producers will have to trace GMOs at all stages of production.
5) Because the aid contained biotech grain, which Africans feared could be used a seed and thereby threaten future exports to the EU.
Task 8
Key
A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1)—4) babc
B. Answer the following questions.
1) It is the largest solar power station in the world.
2) They built two different types of power station side by side. They want to find which is the best system for harnessing the power of the sun.
3) Water is converted to steam to drive the turbines in the usual way. 4) The sun often disappears.
C. Fill in the following chart. The First Power Station The Second Power Station 800, 95 percent, tower, 2,500, football stands, the sun, computers, sun, 400, mirrors, light, vacuum tube, steam, pepes, steam, drive drive a) The first power station uses fewer mirrors than the second. b) In the first power station, mirrors are arranged in a circle round a tower, while in the second station they are arranged on stands and reflect the light onto a second set of parabolic mirrors. The first power station uses concealed water pipes; the second uses pipes that are clearly visible in a vacuum tube. Task 9
The future will not determine itself. The future is determined by the actions of the present day.
Edward Cornish, the editor of The Futurist magazine published by the World Future Society, says:
\"The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future--that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate
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or other forces beyond our control. We ourselves build the future both through what we do and what we do not do.\"
A novel way of teaching may change the way universities are run. An engineering teacher at the American University of Illinois has had great success without textbooks, without exams and without deadlines. His students won nine of the top ten engineering awards in a university competition.
The engineering professor, Ricardo Uribe, let his engineering students express themselves, instead of telling them what to do. His students all focused on the problems that interested them, not what their teacher told them. They worked their own hours, not hours set by the university. They did not have to sit tests, and they helped each other in open classes.
Unit 15 News (II)
Task 1
Key
Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.
successor, the World Wars, drafted, existence, General Assembly, members, Headquarters, decision-making, budget, permanent members, two-years terms, maintenance.
Task 2
Key
A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1)—4) bcda
B. Answer the following questions.
1) Genocide means the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people. By the word, Alacon implied many ordinary Cubans had become victims of the US embargo. many people suffered or died, for they could not get imported food and medicine.
2) The US representative argued that the US embargo was a matter of bilateral trade policy and the UN General Assembly had no right to adopt a resolution on this issue.
Task 3
Key
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A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape. 1)—4) TFTF
B. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) Shelter for the Homeless 2) a set of stamps/six stamps 3) building homes 4) a) information b) the UN c) governments, institutions, worldwide
Task 4
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. News Participants Items 1 Number of Place(s) Demands Demonstrators Demonstrators mainly Tens of Paris and Protest the level of long-term unemployed thousands several other unemployment and cities call for higher welfare payments Some rural interest A quarter of a Central London Demand more groups e.g. farmers, million government action agriculture workers, to deal with the hunters and village problems of the dwellers countryside 2 B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape. News Item 1 1)—2) TF News Item 2 3)—4) FF
Task 5
Key
A. Fill in the following chart
The Olympic Medals Table Countries Number of Medals
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B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.
1)—6) FTFTFF
Gold 39 32 28 Silver 25 28 16 Bronze 33 28 15 Total 97 88 59 Task 6
Key
A. Answer the following questions. 1) A strategic partnership agreement.
2) It strengthens ties between the two countries in a variety of areas including security cooperation, diplomatic activity at the UN and trade and finance. 3) A package of arms deals
4) First, they have agreed to an accord that will allow India to buy more diamonds from Russia. Second, India will get some advanced nuclear technology from Russia for its nuclear power projects.
5) India hopes to reduce its dependence on imported oil.
B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape. 1) tanks, fighter bombers, aircraft carrier 2) military hardware, three billion dollars 3) low, longstanding ties 4) importer, cutter, producer
Task 7
Key
high, downturn, investment, reforms, terrorism, slowdown, 7.3percent, 10, 8, similar, cars, houses, tours, internal, money, markets, barriers, domestic
Task 8
Key
A. Fill in the following chart. Year Events Charles Darwin, 5-year, the Southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Foreign Ministers, Allied, occupation zones, govern, 5 years
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Manned mission to the moon/Apollo 8, 6-day journey B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape. 1) invaluable, evolution, The Origin of the Species. 2) biological evolution, natural selection 3) split, Soviet forces, Americans 4) manned spacecraft, orbit
Task 9
Key
Answer the following questions.
1) He was a suspect in connection with the ―I Love You‖ computer virus that has damaged millions of computers worldwide.
2) They seized the telephone, computer magazines and wiring. 3) No.
4) A Swedish teenager who was a computer whiz
Task 10
Key
A. Match each name in Column 1 with his/her corresponding position in Column 2.
Column 1 Column2
1) Tony Blair a) the BBC‘s former top executive 2) Gavin Davies b) the Culture Minister
3) Alex Salmond c) a Scottish national politician 4) Tessa Jowell d the Prime Minister
B. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 1)—4) cbda
C. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape. 1) fallen, criticise, sensitive, confidence 2) probe, question 3) independent, so, forward, principal, broadcaster, envied, cherished
D. Answer the following questions.
1) After the Kelly affair, the chairman and director general of the BBC resigned. The British government has the right to appoint the new leaders for the BBC. Moreover, although the BBC is funded by the payments from people who have TVs, The government is beginning a charter review of the system. Thus some people fear the
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BBC could try to please the government because it relies on the renewal of the charter for its funding.
2) Alex Salmond questions the government‘s role in appointing senior executives for the BBC. He doubts whether the government can be impartial on the matter when the chairman and director general of the BBC resigned after the affair.
Tony Blair says the BBC should be independent and impartial by questioning and probing the government in every proper way.
Tessa Jowell insists that the BBC be constitutionally independent and continue to be so. For her, what is the most important is that the BBC, as the major public service broadcaster, continues moving forward after the affair.
Task 11.
Key
Newspapers are one of the main sources from which we learn what is going on--in world politics, science, local government, the arts, fashion, food, education and sports. The papers we choose show our interests and usually the politics which we believe in. There are nine national daily newspapers in Britain, of which five are tabloids and four are quality papers. Do these newspapers really serve the people they are written for? Many people question the objectivity of newspapers. How objective are they? We might be better able to judge if we understand how a newspaper is produced. Reporters, of course, are the source from which the facts must come, but there are many other people who are involved in and influence newspapers.
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